Gabon: Score Justification Summary

1.1.1a National plan for AMR priority pathogens

Score: 100

There is a publicly available evidence that Gabon national AMR plan for the surveillance, detection, and reporting of priority AMR pathogens.

According to the World Health Organization's (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon had a National Plan to Combat AMR; however, the plan was valid from 2019 to 2023, and it is outdated. ^{1 2 3} Goals 1, 2 and 4 mention reporting, and goals 2 & 4 mention surveillance and detection. ⁴

There is no evidence that this plan has been updated or that the country has enacted a new plan on the World Health Organization (WHO) Library of National AMR Action Plans, or the official websites of the Ministry of Health or the Government of Gabon. ^{5 6 7 8}

1.1.1b Capacity of national lab/lab system to test for AMR priority pathogens

Score: 50

There is a national laboratory in Gabon which tests for priority AMR pathogens, but not all 7+1 pathogens.

According to the World Health Organization's (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon has detection capacity for priority resistant pathogens, namely E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Neisseria gonorrhea, Streptococcus and Staphylococci including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (p. 17). ⁹ The main laboratories are the Center for Medical Research of Franceville (CIRMF) and the Medical Research Center of Lambaréné (CERMEL) (p. 29). ¹⁰ However, the animal health laboratories are not functional, and there is an insufficient supply of reagents, including for priority diseases (p. 29). ¹¹

There is no publicly available information as to the availability of further tests for priority AMR pathogens on the official websites of the government, Ministry of Health, or CERMEL. ^{12 13 14} There is no evidence that the CIRMF has an active website, only a Facebook page. ¹⁵

1.1.1c National environmental surveillance for AMR residues/organisms

Score: 0

There is no publicly available evidence that the Gabonese government conducts environmental detection or surveillance activities (e.g., in soil, waterways) for antimicrobial residues or AMR organisms.

According to the World Health Organization's (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon has several microbiology analysis laboratories capable of detecting the main germs that cause human infectious diseases under surveillance and zoonoses (p. 16). ¹⁶ Nevertheless, the country has insufficient laboratories capable of detecting, isolating, and identifying antimicrobial-resistant organisms in the environment. (p. 16). ¹⁷ There is no mention of capacity or conduction of environmental detection or surveillance activities for antimicrobial residues or AMR organisms in the soil or waterways. ¹⁸

In December 2023, an article from L'Union underscored that Gabon's biomedical community was campaigning for the strict application of the principles, conditions, and indications for prescribing antibiotics in hospitals, along with better management of contaminated water to protect both animals and humans. ¹⁹

There is no mention of such activities on the websites of the Gabonese government, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Waters, Forests, the Ocean and the Environment, and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development. ^{20 21 22 23}

1.1.2a National law(s) requiring prescription for antibiotic use (humans)

Score: 0

There is no publicly available evidence of national legislation or regulation in place requiring prescriptions for antibiotic use for humans in Gabon.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon does not have guidelines for monitoring antibiotic-resistant germs (p. 17). ²⁴

The National Agency for Medicine and Other Health Products (ANMAPS) has a list of permitted medicines in the country, including antibiotics such as penicillin and amoxicillin; however, there is no mention of any regulations. ²⁵

In October 2024, ANMAPS, in partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO), conducted a workshop on optimising and securing the rational use of antibiotics. ²⁶ The workshop aimed to establish criteria for selecting antibiotics to be preserved, to develop guidelines for their prescription and validation, and to create and validate a standard prescription format for antibiotics intended for both human and animal use. ²⁷

The National Action Plan on AMR 2019-2023 acknowledges the issues related to the unregulated use of antibiotics, but does not present a clear course of action to regulate the medications or the existence of specific guidelines. ²⁸

Pursuant to Article 22 of Ordinance No. 001PR/2011 of 27 January 2011, which organized the pharmaceutical sector in Gabon, adversiting of drugs to the public is only permitted on the condition that the drug is not subject to a medical prescription. ²⁹ Article 24 further adds that the prescription of medication is reserved for physicians, dental surgeons and veterinarians. ³⁰ However, there is no mention that antibiotics are required prescription. ³¹

Pursuant to Article 33 of the Medicine and Veterinary Products Law No. 001/2021 of 8 September 2021, the importation of antibiotics must first be approved by the National Comission for the Approval of Veterinary Medicine. However, there are no mentions of regulations on antibiotics intended for human use. ³²

In December 2023, an article from L'Union underscored that Gabon's biomedical community was campaigning for the strict application of the principles, conditions, and indications for prescribing antibiotics in hospitals. ³³

Neither the Ministry of Health nor the government of Gabon has published any information on similar legislation on their respective websites. ^{34 35}

1.1.2b National law(s) requiring prescription for antibiotic use (animals)

Score: 100

Gabon has national legislation in place requiring prescriptions for antibiotic use for animals. There is no evidence that there are gaps in implementation.

According to Law No. 001/2021 of 8 September 2021, pertaining to veterinary medications and products, the National Commission for the Approval of Veterinary Medicines must approve the sales of antibiotics for animal use. ³⁶ However, there is no publicly available report on the efficiency and enforcement of this legislation on the World Organization for Animal Health's website. ³⁷ Similarly, there was no publicly available evidence regarding the enforcement of this law on the webistes of the Gabonese government, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Waters, Forests, the Ocean and the Environment, and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development. ^{38 39 40}

No evidence of gaps in implementation were found from national media sources La Tribune, Gabon Actu, Gabon Review, and L'Union or international fact-checking media teams Reuters and the Washington Post. ^{41 42 43 44 45 46 47}

1.2.1a Laws/plans on zoonotic disease

Score: 0

There is no publicly available evidence that Gabon has national legislation, plans or an equivalent document for zoonotic disease prioritization, detection and reporting.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), the country does not have a list of priority zoonotic diseases and the logistic means to conduct a surveillance of such illnesses (p. 20). ⁴⁸

In 2024, Gabon presented a proposal to draft a plan to combat zoonoses to the World Pandemic Fund; nevertheless, it is unclear whether they received the requested grant or enacted such plan. ⁴⁹ There is no evidence of such documents on the official website of the Gabonese government, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Waters, Forests, the Ocean and the Environment, or the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development. ^{50 51 52 53}

1.2.1b Laws/plans on zoonotic disease spillover from animals to humans

Score: 0

There is not publicly available evidence that Gabon has legislation, plans or equivalent strategy documents which include measures for risk identification and reduction for zoonotic disease spillover events from animals to humans.

In 2025, Gabon was designated by the the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for the implementation of a pilot project aimed at strengthening biosecurity in the country with a particular focus on preventing zoonotic diseases linked to wild meats. ⁵⁴ The project, titled The Phased Approach to Biosecurity Management in Terrestrial Animals (PMP-TAB), aims to establish a a robust disease surveillance system focused on the human-animal-plant-environment interface and prevent and mitigate the impact of transboundary zoonotic diseases worldwide. ⁵⁵ However, the extent project is focused on wildmeat and its implementation is unclear. ⁵⁶

In accordance with Article 18 of Law No. 001/2021 of 8 September 2021, on Medicine and Veterinary Products, any veterinary medicinal product or animal health product may only be distributed to the public with prior marketing authorization from the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Waters, Forests, the Ocean, and the Environment. ⁵⁷ Article 25 establishes that marketing authorization for veterinary medicines intended for species whose meat or products are destined for human consumption must determine the withdrawal period to ensure that food does not contain residues exceeding maximum regulatory limits. ⁵⁸ Article 48 further provides that the suspension of sales may be imposed immediately in the event of a danger to human or animal health by the territorially competent veterinary service, while in other cases, suspension follows formal notice prescribing a compliance deadline. ⁵⁹ However, the law does not include specific measures for risk identification and reduction regarding zoonotic disease spillover events from animals to humans. ⁶⁰

Pursuant to Article 3 of Law No. 2/65 of 5 June 1965, on the organization of the Sanitary Police on the matter of contaigous diseases in livestock, the administration may pursue whatever action seen as useful in ombatting an illness upon recognizing the prevalence of a contagious disease. ⁶¹ However, specific measures to stop the spread of the disease among cattle are not mentioned, nor are any measures listed to prevent the spillover to humans. ⁶²

Additionally, Law No. 15/65 of 22 December 1965, on the sanitary inspection of foodstuff, products and by-products of animal origin, requires veterinary supervision and sanitary inspections of slaughterhouses. ⁶³ Nonetheless, the law only prevents spillover of disease form animals to humans through food contamination, rather than abranging other potential scenarios for disease spillover. ⁶⁴

There is no further evidence of such documents on the official website of the Gabonese government, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Waters, Forests, the Ocean and the Environment, or the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development. ^{65 66 67 68}

1.2.1c Laws/plans for surveillance & control of multiple zoonotic pathogens

Score: 0

There is no publicly available evidence that Gabon has national legislation, plans, or guidelines that account for the surveillance and control of multiple zoonotic pathogens of public health concern.

The International Centre for Medical Research (CIRMF), Gabon's national laboratory, conducts integrated clinical and epidemiological research on malaria, monitoring infection trends in urban and rural settings. ⁶⁹ The CIRMF performs routine parasitological diagnostics, including microscopy and rapid tests, to track seasonal and demographic shifts in malaria burden, as well as carries out entomological survey to identify Anopheles species distribution and inseticide resistance. ⁷⁰

Additionally, the CIRMF monitors Ebola through the samples of bat feces, saliva and blood. ⁷¹

However, there is no publicly available evidence of national legislation, plans or guidelines for the surveillance and control of any other zoonoses on the websites of the government, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development and the Ministry of Waters, Forests, the Ocean and the Environment of Gabon. ^{72 73 74 75} Furthermore, the Joint External Evaluation (JEEF) (2019) pointed out that the country lacked sufficient collaboration between surveillance in animal and human health sectors, and that proper surveillance was logistically not viable. ⁷⁶

1.2.1d Cross-ministerial department/agency/unit for zoonotic disease

Score: 0

There is no publicly available evidence of a department, agency, or similar unit functioning as a multi-sectoral coordination mechanism dedicated to zoonotic disease that functions across ministries.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), there is no such unit functioning between agencies. ⁷⁷ There is no further evidence on the websites of the Government of Gabon, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Waters, Forests, the Ocean and the Environment, and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development. ^{78 79 80 81}

1.2.1e Presence of One Health strategic plan

Score: 0

There is no evidence of Gabon having a One Health Strategic Plan in place. ⁸²

1.2.2a Surveillance/reporting mechanism for zoonotic disease for livestock owners

Score: 0

There is no publicly available evidence of national mechanism (either voluntary or mandatory) for owners of livestock to conduct and report on disease surveillance to a central government agency.

Pursuant to Article 2 of Law No. 2/65 of 5 June 1965, on the organization of the Sanitary Police on the matter of contagious diseases in livestock, all animals that have been identified to have a contagious disease must be isolated and reported to the administration. However, it is unclear what mechanisms it should be reported through or to what authority it should be reported to. ⁸³

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) does not mention the existance of a formal mechanism for the reporting on disease for owners of livestock. ⁸⁴. There was no information published on any such mechanisms on the websites of the government, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development and the Ministry of Waters, Forests, the Ocean and the Environment of Gabon. ^{85 86 87 88}

1.2.2b Laws/regulations on data confidentiality to protect livestock owners

Score: 0

Gabon has a national piece of legislation that safeguards the confidentiality of information but there is no mention of protection of data generated through surveillance activities for animals.

Pursuant to Article 47 of the Personal Data Protection Law, Law No. 001/2011 of 25 September 2011, the collection and processing of personal data that reveals information, whether directly or indirectly, related to the health of an individual is forbidden. Nevertheless, such prohibition can be lifted for treatments necessary for research in the field of health (Article 48), but the processor must provide sufficient guarantees to ensure the implementation of the security and confidentiality measures (Article 65), and the use must ensure that the data does not allow direct identification of data subjects. Nonetheless, no mentions of animal surveillance were made.

1.2.2c Wildlife zoonotic disease surveillance

Score: 100

Gabon conducts the surveillance of zoonotic diseases in wildlife, livestock and poultry.

In 2025, Gabon was designated by the the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) for the implementation of a pilot project aimed at strengthening biosecurity in the country with a particular focus on preventing zoonotic diseases linked to wild meats. ⁸⁹ The project, titled The Phased Approach to Biosecurity Management in Terrestrial Animals (PMP-TAB), aims to establish a a robust disease surveillance system focused on the human-animal-plant-environment interface and prevent and mitigate the impact of transboundary zoonotic diseases worldwide. ⁹⁰ The project also cover surveillance of livestock and poultry. ^{91 92} Evidence of the beggining of implementation has been seen since 27 November 2024, with the FAO beggining training workshops for the monitoring of zoonitic diseases and the prevention of spill over in Gabon. ⁹³

Additionally, since the 2018 outbreak of Ebola, the International Center for Medical Research in Franceville (CIRMF) has monitored Ebola through the samples of bat feces, saliva and blood. ⁹⁴

1.2.3a Annual reporting to OIE on zoonotic disease incidence

Score: 100

Gabon has a mechanism for reporting notifiable diseases to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH).

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon regularly reports to the WOAH about potential public health emergencies (pp. 1-2). ⁹⁵ Gabon has designated a WOAH focal point in the country, which is operational and received adequate training (pp. 34-35). ⁹⁶

1.2.4a Number of veterinarians per 100,000 people

Score: 1.46

1.2.4b Number of veterinary para-professionals per 100,000 people

Score: 0

1.2.5a Inclusion of private sector in national plan/law on zoonotic disease

Score: 0

Gabon does not have a national plan on zoonotic disease that includes mechanisms for working with the private sector in controlling or responding to zoonoses.

The Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) Progressive Management Pathway for Terrestrial Animal Biosecurity has been adopted by Gabon in 2025. ⁹⁷ According to the FAO, private companies will undergo a consulting process in the first step of the plan to evaluate the risk of zoonoses in current biosecurity practices. Additionally, for the 3rd step of the plan on strengthening practices, Gabon must adopt policy that promotives incentives for the private sector to adopt improved biosecurity practices. ⁹⁸ However, the extent of the project is focused on wildmeat and its implementation is unclear, and it is not a broad national plan on zoonotic disease. ⁹⁹

There is no evidence on Gabon's FAO country profile of the existance of any mehcanism for working with the provate sector on the issue. ¹⁰⁰ The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) makes no mention of collaboration with the private sector to combat zoonoses. ¹⁰¹ Neither does the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Agricultre, Livestock and Rural Development, or the Ministry of Waters, Forests, the Ocean and the Environment. ^{102 103 104}

1.3.1a Updated national records of especially dangerous pathogen/toxin inventories

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has in place a record, updated within the past five years, of the facilities in which especially dangerous pathogens and toxins are stored or processed, including details on inventories and inventory management systems of those facilities.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), there is an absence of a register of inventory or a similar record of facilities that possess dangerous pathogens and toxins (p. 23). ¹⁰⁵ There is no further evidence of such record on the official websites of the Gabonese government, the Center for international Medical Research of Franceville, the Ministry of Health or the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development. ^{106 107 108 109}

1.3.1b Biosecurity laws on facility security for especially dangerous pathogens

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has in place legislation and regulations on physical containment, operation practices, failure reporting systems, and/or cybersecurity of facilities in which especially dangerous pathogens and toxins are stored or processed.

Pursuant to Article 3 of Decree No. 0020/PR/MEFMEPCPAT of 20 January 2022, which established the legal regime and the nomenclature of classified installations for the protection of the environment, the installations of facilities that may present dangers or disadvantages for the health, safety and public sanitation are subject to declaration, authorization or authorization accompanied by easement, depending on the seriousness of the dangers or disadvantages that their operation may present. ¹¹⁰ The declaration must be submitted to the Ministry of Waters, Forests, the Sea, and the Environment, including information on the description of the physical arrangements of the facility, as well as a waste management plan (Articles 6 and 15). ¹¹¹ It includes natural pathogenic microorganisms (A.2681), but it does not specifically refer to especially dangerous pathogens and toxins; moreover, there is no specific details on the physical containments features, operation practices, failure reporting systems or cybersecurity. ¹¹²

In accordance to Article 105 of Law No. 007/2014 of 1 August 2014, on the protection of the envionment, all establishments that contain dangerous substances are subject to the control and monitoring by the Ministry of the Environment. ¹¹³ However, there is no reference to specific mandatory practices or regulations. ¹¹⁴

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon has a draft manual of specific guidelines for procedures like collecting, packing and transporting samples and dealing with accidental exposure to bodily fluids (p. 63). ¹¹⁵ Although there is a containment plan for poliovirus samples, there is no national framework for biosafety and biosecurity, including pathogens, strain collections, and containment laboratories (p. 23). ¹¹⁶

There is no further evidence on the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database, or the official websites of the Gabonese government, the Ministry of Health, or the Ministry of Waters, Forests, the Sea, and the Environment. ^{117 118 119 120}

1.3.1c Agency for enforcement of biosecurity laws/regulations

Score: 0

There is no publicly available evidence established agency (or agencies) responsible for the enforcement of biosecurity legislation and regulations.

Pursuant to Article 3 of Decree No. 0020/PR/MEFMEPCPAT of 20 January 2022, which established the legal regime and the nomenclature of classified installations for the protection of the environment, the installations of facilities that may present dangers or disadvantages for the health, safety and public sanitation are subject to declaration, authorization or authorization accompanied by easement, depending on the seriousness of the dangers or disadvantages that their operation may present. ¹²¹ The declaration must be submitted to the Ministry of Waters, Forests, the Sea, and the Environment (Article 6). ¹²² It includes natural pathogenic microorganisms (A.2681), but it does not specify an agency responsible for the enforcement of biosecurity legislation and regulations. ¹²³

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon does not have a national framework for biosafety and biosecurity, including pathogens, strain collections, and containment laboratories (p. 23). ¹²⁴ There is no reference to an establishment agency responsible for the enforcement of biosecurity legislation and regulations. ¹²⁵

There is no further evidence on the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database, or the official websites of the Gabonese government, the Ministry of Health, or the Ministry of Waters, Forests, the Sea, and the Environment. ^{126 127 128}

1.3.1d Consolidation of especially dangerous pathogens into minimum # of facilities

Score: 0

There is no evidence that shows that Gabon has taken action to consolidate its inventories of especially dangerous pathogens and toxins into a minimum number of facilities.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), all pathogens stored or handled within the facilities are not recorded in an up-to-date register (p. 23). ¹²⁹ There is no reference to actions taken to consolidate its inventories, and the country does not have a national framework for biosafety and biosecurity (p. 24). ¹³⁰

There is no further evidence on the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database, or the official websites of the Gabonese government, the Ministry of Health, or the Ministry of Waters, Forests, the Sea, and the Environment. ^{131 132 133 134}

1.3.1e Capacity to conduct tests for anthrax/Ebola without culturing live pathogens

Score: 100

Gabon has in-country capacity to conduct Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic testing for Ebola, which would preclude culturing a live pathogen in Gabon.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon has high-level laboratories and RT-PCT centers, as well as cutting-edge equipment (Xpert or ABI) (p. 28). ¹³⁵ However, there is no specific mention to a pathogen. ¹³⁶

The International Center for Medical Research in Franceville (CIRMF) can process Ebola, and conduct PCR-based diagnostic testing, includign culturing a live pathogen. ^{137 138}

Similarly, the African Society for Laboratory Medicine has held on-going PCR training in Gabon, but no particular illness was specified. ¹³⁹

1.3.2a Biosecurity training using a standardised, required approach

Score: 33.33

There is no evidence that Gabon requires biosecurity training, using a standardized, required approach, such as through a common curriculum or a train-the-trainer program, for personnel working in facilities housing or working with especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, or biological materials with pandemic potential. However, there is evidence of ad hoc training.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), there is no national training program in all facilities that house or handle dangerous pathogens or toxins, or a training program on biosafety and biosecurity in universities and professional schools (p. 24). ¹⁴⁰ Nevertheless, national experts receive training as part of the Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) project in Morocco and Italy (p. 25). ¹⁴¹

Pursuant to Article 6 of Order No. 0106/MSPS of 16 March 2015, which set the conditions for opening and operating a private health structure in the Gabonese Republic, proof of a diploma in the specialty subject of the application and certificate of registration with the Order for professions in the relavant field are necessary when applying to open and operate a private health facility. However, it is unclear whether the certifications required already includes previous training. ¹⁴²

There is no further information on the website for the Center for Medical Research of Lambaréné. ¹⁴³

1.3.3a Personnel checks for permission to access to especially dangerous pathogens

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has regulations or licensing conditions that specify that security and other personnel with access to especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, or biological materials with pandemic potential are subject to the following any checks, including drug testing, background checks, and psychological or mental fitness checks.

In accordance to Article 105 of Law No. 007/2014 of 1 August 2014, on the protection of the envionment, all establishments that contain dangerous substances are subject to the control and monitoring by the Ministry of the Environment. ¹⁴⁴ No mention of specific mandatory practices or regulations are made.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon does not have a national framework on biosecurity and biosafety (p. 24). ¹⁴⁵ There is no reference of checks for personnel handling especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, or biological materials with pandemic potential. ¹⁴⁶

There is no further evidence on the websites of the International Center for Medical Research of Franceville, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Defense or the official government website. ^{147 148 149 150}

1.3.4a National transport regulations for Category A and B infectious substances

Score: 0

There is no publicly available evidence that Gabon has national regulations on the safe and secure transport of infectious substances, specifically including Categories A and B.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), the country does not have a national framework on biosafety and biosecurity and there is not an up-to-date registry and inventory of pathogens (p. 24). ¹⁵¹ Likewise, there is no regulation on the movement of biological samples in the event of shipments outside the country (p. 24). ¹⁵² The document also recommends as a priority measure to develop a multisectoral operational plan for biosecurity and biosafety, including provisions on the transport of infectious materials (p. 24). ¹⁵³

Moreover, the JEE acknowledges the existence of an agreement with DHL for the shipment of suspected wild poliovirus samples to the WHO, and there is no some training to health workers in sample transportation (p. 29). ¹⁵⁴ Nevertheless, there is not a formalized sample transport system, partnerships with carriers, or mechanisms of traceability for sample movements (p. 29). ¹⁵⁵

There is no mention of any such transportation systems by the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Transport, Merchant Marine and Logistics of Gabon or the official government website. ^{156 157 158}

1.3.5a Laws/regulations on cross-border transfer and end-user screening

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has legislation or regulations in place to oversee the cross-border transfer and end-user screening of especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, and pathogens with pandemic potential.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), here is no regulation on the movement of biological samples in the event of shipments outside the country (p. 24). ¹⁵⁹ The Libreville's Léon MBA International Airport has been assigned health workers to carry out health screening (p. 50), but there is no evidence of cross-border transfer and end-user screening of especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, or pathogens with pandemic potential. ¹⁶⁰

There is no further information on the websites of the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Defense, or the government's website. ^{161 162 163}

1.4.1a Biosafety laws/regulations

Score: 0

There is no publicly available evidence that Gabon has in place national biosafety legislation and/or regulations.

Pursuant to Article 3 of Decree No. 0020/PR/MEFMEPCPAT of 20 January 2022, which established the legal regime and the nomenclature of classified installations for the protection of the environment, the installations of facilities that may present dangers or disadvantages for the health, safety and public sanitation are subject to declaration, authorization or authorization accompanied by easement, depending on the seriousness of the dangers or disadvantages that their operation may present. ¹⁶⁴ The declaration must be submitted to the Ministry of Waters, Forests, the Sea, and the Environment (Article 6). ¹⁶⁵ However, the specific regulations of these estalbishments are unclear. ¹⁶⁶

In accordance to Article 105 of Law No. 007/2014 of 1 August 2014, on the protection of the environment, all establishments that contain dangerous substances are subject to the control and monitoring by the Ministry of the Environment. ¹⁶⁷ No mention of specific mandatory practices or regulations are made. ¹⁶⁸

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), the country does not have a national framework on biosafety and biosecurity (p. 24). ¹⁶⁹

There is no evidence of such regulations on the Official Journal of Gabon, or the official websites of the Ministry of Health or the Gabonese Government. ^{170 171 172}

1.4.1b Agency for enforcement of biosafety laws/regulations

Score: 0

There is no publicly available evidence established agency (or agencies) responsible for the enforcement of biosafety legislation and regulations.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon does not have a national framework for biosafety and biosecurity, including pathogens, strain collections, and containment laboratories (p. 23). ¹⁷³ There is no reference to an establishment agency responsible for the enforcement of biosecurity legislation and regulations. ¹⁷⁴

There is no further evidence on the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database, or the official websites of the Gabonese government, the Ministry of Health, or the Ministry of Waters, Forests, the Sea, and the Environment. ^{175 176 177 178}

1.4.2a Biosafety training using a standardised, required approach

Score: 33.33

There is no evidence that Gabon requires biosafety training, using a standardized, required approach, such as through a common curriculum or a train-the-trainer program, for personnel working in facilities housing or working with especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, or biological materials with pandemic potential. However, there is evidence of ad hoc training.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), there is no national training program in all facilities that house or handle dangerous pathogens or toxins, or a training program on biosafety and biosecurity in universities and professional schools (p. 24). ¹⁷⁹ Nevertheless, national experts receive training as part of the Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) project in Morocco and Italy (p. 25). ¹⁸⁰

There is no further information on the website for the Center for Medical Research of Lambaréné or the International Center for Medical Research of Libreville. ^{181 182}

1.5.1a Evidence of national assessment of dual-use research

Score: 0

There is no publicly available evidence that Gabon has conducted an assessment to determine whether ongoing research is occurring on especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, pathogens with pandemic potential and/or other dual-use research.

There is no reference to such assessment on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019). ¹⁸³ Similarly, the Gabonese National Center of Scientific Research, the government organ than manages research in the country, has also not published any information about past, ongoing or future assessments of any medical research. ¹⁸⁴ There has been no mention of these evaluations on the websites of the Ministry of Health, or the Gabonese government. ^{185 186} The International Center for Medical Research of Franceville does not appear to have an active website, nothing on the matter has been published on their Facebook page. ¹⁸⁷

1.5.1b National law/regulation on oversight of dual-use research

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has legislation or regulation requiring oversight of research with especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, pathogens with pandemic potential and/or other dual-use research.

Pursuant to Article 3 of Order No. 6/76 of 22 January 1976, creating the Gabonese National Center of Scientific Research (CENAREST), CENAREST is responsible for the training of researchers at all levels. ¹⁸⁸ Nothing was found on CENAREST's website regarding the oversight of research with dangerous pathogens. ^{189 190}

There is no mention of any legislation or regulation serving such purpose on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), or the official websites of the Gabonese government and the Ministry of Health. ^{191 192 193}

1.5.1c Existence of agency responsible for oversight of dual-use research

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has an agency responsible for oversight of research with especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, pathogens with pandemic potential and/or other dual-use research.

There is no mention of the existence or plan to create such an agency on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019). ¹⁹⁴ In 2021, the Steering Committee for the monitoring and response plan against the COVID-19 pandemic in Gabon oversaw research with the pathogen aimed at addressing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. ¹⁹⁵ However, there is no evidence that this is recurrent or occured on an ad hoc basis. ¹⁹⁶

Pursuant to Article 3 of Order No. 6/76 of 22 January 1976, creating the Gabonese National Center of Scientific Research (CENAREST), CENAREST is responsible for the training of researchers at all levels. ¹⁹⁷ Nothing was found on CENAREST's website regarding an agency responsible for the oversight of research with dangerous pathogens. ¹⁹⁸

There is no publicly available information on the creation of a dedicated agency responsible for the oversight of research with especially dangerous pathogens or toxins on the official websites of the Gabonese government, the Ministry of Health. ^{199 200}

1.5.2a Requirement to screen synthesised DNA against list prior to sale

Score: 0

There is no publicly available evidence that Gabon has legislation or regulatios requiring the screening of synthesized DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) against lists of known pathogens and toxins before it is sold.

There is neither a mention of such regulations in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), nor has anything been published by the Official Journal of Gabon, the Gabonese government, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Defense or the Ministry of Transport, Merchant Marine and Logistics of Gabon. ^{201 202 203 204 205 206}

1.6.1a Immunization rate for humans (measles/MCV2)

Score: 0

1.6.1b Availability of vaccination figures for livestock (FMD) through OIE database

Score: 0

Official foot-and-mouth (FMD) vaccination figures for livestock in Gabon are not publicly available through the OIE database. The OIE WAHIS database shows surveillance and control measures, but current vaccination figures are not displayed for FMD in Gabon's profile. ²⁰⁷

1.6.1c Equitablenature of national immunization strategy/plan

Score: 0

Gabon does not have a national immunization plan.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) states that the country has not had a comprehensive multi-year plan (MYP) since 2018 (p. 25). ²⁰⁸

In 2023, Gabon's "Integrated Vaccination Activities" programme held a mass vaccination campaign against measles, in which 36,770 individuals were vaccinated over the span of 10 days. ^{209 210} Additionally, Gabon conducted an Intensified Vaccination Activities (IVA) programme in 2021 with the World Health Organization. ²¹¹ However, no evidence that this was a part of a more recent national immunization plan was found on the Official Journal of Gabon or the Ministry of Health's website. ^{212 213}

1.6.1d Vaccine hesitancy and build public trust coverage in vaccines in national immunization strategy/plans

Score: 0

There is no evidence of a national immunization strategy/plan that includes measures to address vaccine hesitancy and build public trust in vaccines.

Gabon self- reported not having a national immunization strategy or plan to the World Health Organization in 2024. ²¹⁴ The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) states that the country has not had a comprehensive multi-year plan (MYP) since 2018 (p. 25). ²¹⁵

The most recent plan belongs to the 2023 Great Catch-Up Initiative that Gabon partook in as a part of their "Inegrated Vaccination Activities". In the mass vaccination campaign, other than medical professionals applying vaccines measures to addess vaccine hesitancy and build public trust included the presence of "awareness-raising agents" at the event to inform parents about the risks of not vaccinating children, as well as social workers who went door-to-door completing community relays in each health directorate to discuss with families the importance of vaccines. ^{216 217} However, no evidence that this was a part of a more recent national immunization plan was found on the Official Journal of Gabon or the Ministry of Health's website. ^{218 219}

1.6.1e National advisory group for immunization strategy/plan

Score: 0

There is no evidence of a national advisory group that provides technical guidance and advice on the immunization strategy/plan to government.

There is no evidence of a NITAG in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) or the National Plan for Health Development 2017-2021. ^{220 221} There is no further information on the Offical Journal or the Ministry of Health's website. ^{222 223}

1.6.1f Presence of an immunization programme for influenza

Score: 0

There is no publicaly available evidence that Gabon has an immunization program against influenza.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), the country implements the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) which covers 10 priority diseases (p. 25). ²²⁴ Nevertheless, there is no mention of influenza. ²²⁵

Similarly, no mentions of influenza were made in the 2017-2021 National Plan of Health Development or the 2019-2023 National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. ^{226 227} Neither the Ministry of Health nor the Gabonese government have published any information regarding a recent or ongoing immunizaton program against influenza. ^{228 229}

1.7.1a Strategy/plan for resilience of health system

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has a strategy or plan to develop a health system that is resilient to the challenges that climate change and changing seasonal weather patterns pose, that includes the threat of infectious diseases.

Order No. 019/2021 of 13 September 2021, on climate change, does not reference to the development of a health system that is resilient to the challenges that climate change and changing seasonal weather patterns pose, that includes the threat of infectious diseases. ²³⁰

No mention of such a plan is made in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), the 2017-2021 National Plan of Health Development, or the 2019-2023 National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. ^{231 232 233} Similarly, the Gabonese government and Ministry of Health have not published anything regarding such a plan. ^{234 235}

2.1.1a Capacity of national lab system to conduct 5 or more WHO core tests

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the national laboratory system in Gabon has the capacity to conduct at least 5 of the 10-WHO defined core tests.

The International Center for Medical Research of Libreville (CIRMF), alongside the Center for Medical Research of Lambaréné (CERMEL), can conduct testing for Tuberculosis. ^{236 237} CERMEL also conducts testing for malaria. ²³⁸ There is a National STI/AIDS Reference Laboratory in Libreville that tests for HIV as evaluated in the 2014 study "Performance Evaluation of HIV Screening Tests in Gabon". ²³⁹ The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) states that Gabon has the capacity to test for salmonella, (p. 17) though it does not specify in which laboratory that can be done. ²⁴⁰ No evidence that the national laboratory system has the capacity to conduct testing for polio and PCR testing for influenza was found on the websites and/or social media of the Gabonese government, Ministry of Health or that of the afformentioned laboratories. ^{241 242 243 244 245}

2.1.1b Plan to conduct testing during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has a national plan, strategy or similar document for conducting testing during a public health emergency, which includes considerations for testing for novel pathogens, scaling capacity and defining goals for testing.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), public health emergency preparedness is organized through the existence of a national platform for disaster management, and there are plans disease-specific plans for polio, measles, cholera, and Ebola (p. 38), but they are not publicaly available. ²⁴⁶²⁴⁷ Nevertheless, there is no evidence of a revised national multi-sectoral and multi-hazard plan to strenghten emergency preparedness and response (p. 39). ²⁴⁸

There is no evidence of such plan on the Official Journal of Gabon or the websites of the Gabonese government, or the Ministry of Health. ^{249 250 251}

2.1.2a Existence of an accredited national lab serving as a reference facility

Score: 100

There is evidence of one national laboratory that serves as a reference facility which is accredited by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments. (CLIA).

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) lists the International Center of Medical Research of Franceville (CIRMF) and the Center for Medical Research of Lambaréné (CERMEL) as the two national reference hospitals (p. 23) for being P4 and P3 graded respectively. ²⁵²

According to the West African Accreditation System, CERMEL holds the ISO 15189 accreditation for its tuberculosis/microbiology laboratory, valid from 26 March 2025 to 25 March 2027. ²⁵³

The CIRMF is accredited by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) and Good Laboratory Practices, though the specific accreditation is unclear. ²⁵⁴ No additional information was found in the U.S. Food and Drug CLIA database. ²⁵⁵

There is no additional information on any accreditations possesed by CERMEL published on their website or Facebook page. ^{256 257} The websites of the Gabonese government and Ministry of Health have not published any information on the matter. ^{258 259}

2.1.2b External quality assurance of a national lab serving as a reference facility

Score: 100

There is evidence of a national laboratory that serves as a reference facility which is subject to external quality assurance review.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) lists the International Center of Medical Research of Franceville (CIRMF) and the Center for Medical Research of Lambaréné (CERMEL) as the two national reference hospitals for being P4 and P3 graded, respectively (p. 23). ²⁶⁰ However, it does not mention whether they are subject to external quality assurance review. ²⁶¹

Whereas CIRMF does not have a website, its Facebook page has not published any information on the hostipal's external quality assurance review. ²⁶² The website Bio Ventures for Global Health on the laboratories site capabilities makes no mention of external quality assurance review. ²⁶³ According to the Pan-African Network for Genomic Suveillance of Poverty-Related Diesease and Emerging Pathogens Consortium, “CERMEL … participates in internal and external quality control schemes” and “serves as the National reference laboratory.” ²⁶⁴ Additionally, CERMEL is accredited under ISO 15 189. ²⁶⁵ CERMEL's website mentions that the laboratory is part of the African Society of Laboratory Medicine, but it is unclear whether or not that entails any external quality assurance reviews. ²⁶⁶ There is no additional information on the subject published on CERMEL's Facebook page. ²⁶⁷ There is no further evidence on the websites of the Gabonese government or Ministry of Health. ^{268 269}

2.2.1a Nationwide specimen transport system

Score: 0

There is no publicly avaiable evidence of a nationwide specimen transport system in Gabon.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), although there is an agreement with DHL for the shipment of suspected wild poliovirus samples to the WHO, and there is no some training to health workers in sample transportation, there is not a formalized sample transport system, partnerships with carriers, or mechanisms of traceability for sample movements (p. 29). ²⁷⁰

There is no evidence of such a system on the official websites of the Gabonese government, the Ministry of Health or the Ministry of Transport, Merchant Marine and Logistics of Gabon. ^{271 272 273}

2.2.2a Plan to rapidly authorize/license laboratories to scale-up testing during an outbreak

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has a plan in place to rapidly authorize or license laboratories to supplement the capacity of the national public health laboratory system to scale-up testing during an outbreak.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), public health emergency preparedness is organized through the existence of a national platform for disaster management, and there are plans disease-specific plans for polio, measles, cholera, and Ebola (p. 38), but none are publicaly available. ²⁷⁴²⁷⁵. Additionally, Order No. 0106/MSPS of 16 March 2015 that sets the structural and legal requirements for the opening of facilities like medical clinics or laboratories makes no mention of such a plan during urgency circumstances. ²⁷⁶ No mention of such a plan was made by the Gabonese government or the Ministry of Health. ^{277 278}

2.3.1a Evidence of ongoing event-based and indicator-based surveillance and analysis

Score: 50

There is evidence that Gabon has ongoing event-based surveillance, but no evidence that the data are being analyzed on a daily basis.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Collection of Impact Case Studies of Gabon (2020-2022), Gabon has ongoing event-based surveillance for COVID-19 (p. 17) and the flu (p. 21).²⁷⁹

Additionally, since 19 September 2025, Gabon has implemented Event-Based Suveillance Guidelines developed by the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. ²⁸⁰

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon conducts surveillance for notifiable disease, and there are efforts to implement event-based surveillance (p. 31). ²⁸¹ In 2023, the Ministry of Health published an article titled "Training of Trainers on Event-Based Surveillance", discussing how training is one of the first steps to implement such a system, however there is no mention of a concrete ongoing plan to completely implement it. ²⁸²

2.3.1b Evidence of a mechanism (such as IHR focal point) for reporting notifiable diseases to the WHO within the set timeline

Score: 100

Gabon has a mechanism (such as IHR focal point) for reporting notifiable diseases to the WHO within the set timeline. ²⁸³

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon officially appointed a national IHR focal point in 2012, which consists of a multidisciplinary team, most of which belong to the Ministry of Health (p. 14). ²⁸⁴ There is also a contact point assigned by the WHO (p. 14). ²⁸⁵ However, there is not a formal framework for the regular functioning of the national IHR focal point, and it lacks notification mechanisms to the WHO within the timeframes required by the IHR of any public health emergency (p. 35). ²⁸⁶

2.3.2a Electronic national and sub-national reporting surveillance system

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the government of Gabon operates an electronic reporting surveillance system at both the national and the sub-national level.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), there is insufficient logistics (internet connection, IT tools, server, telephone, and others) and eletronic reporting for notifiable diseases in the human and animal health sectors (p. 32). ²⁸⁷

There is no evidence of such electronic system on the official websites of the Gabonese Government or the Ministry of Health. ^{288 289}

2.3.2b Collection of ongoing/real-time lab data by electronic surveillance system

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the government of Gabon operates an electronic reporting surveillance system at both the national and the sub-national level.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), there is insufficient logistics (internet connection, IT tools, server, telephone, and others) and eletronic reporting for notifiable diseases in the human and animal health sectors (p. 32). ²⁹⁰

There is no evidence of such electronic system on the official websites of the Gabonese Government or the Ministry of Health. ^{291 292}

2.3.3a National wastewater surveillance programme or initiative

Score: 50

There is evidence of some wastewater and environmental surveillance (WES) activity within the country. The WHO and GPEI Q4 2025 Polio ES Bulletin lists the country as having 4 ES sites as of Q4 in 2025, although it is unclear whether these are at the national level and are ongoing.²⁹³

From August 2023 to July 2025, Africa UniNet collaborated with Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné to conduct a programme on pathogen surveillance through wastewater in Gabon. The aim of the project was to foster the use of wastewater-based epidemiology methodology in Gabon for SARS-CoV-2 monitoring and as a further tool employed in the pandemic preparedness efforts. ²⁹⁴

According to the latest available semi-annual status report from the GPEI, which was published in 2018, Gabon had ES between July and December 2018, although no further details were shared on whether these are still ongoing.²⁹⁵

2.4.1a Common usage of electronic health records

Score: 0

There is no evidence that electronic health records are in use in Gabon.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), there is insufficient logistics (internet connection, IT tools, server, telephone, and others) and eletronic reporting for notifiable diseases in the human and animal health sectors (p. 32). ²⁹⁶

In 2024, as a part of the eGabon initiative, the National Agency for Digital Infrastructure and Frequencies (ANINF) publicaly declared intentions to create an eletronic health record system for Gabon. ²⁹⁷ Nonetheless, the website of the Gabonese government and of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of the Economy, Digitalization and Innovation have yet to publish any information on when and how this system will be implemented. ^{298 299}

2.4.1b Public health system access to individual electronic health records

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the national public health system has access to electronic health records of individuals in their Gabon.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), there is insufficient logistics (internet connection, IT tools, server, telephone, and others) and eletronic reporting for notifiable diseases in the human and animal health sectors (p. 32). ³⁰⁰

In 2024, as a part of the eGabon initiative, the National Agency for Digital Infrastructure and Frequencies (ANINF) publicaly declared intentions to create an eletronic health record system for Gabon. ³⁰¹ Nonetheless, the website of the Gabonese government and of the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of the Economy, Digitalization and Innovation have yet to publish any information on when and how this system will be implemented. ^{302 303}

2.4.1c Existence of data standards for health record data comparability

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon uses data standards to ensure data is comparable (e.g., ISO standards).

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), there is insufficient logistics (internet connection, IT tools, server, telephone, and others) and eletronic reporting for notifiable diseases in the human and animal health sectors (p. 32). ³⁰⁴ There is no reference to data standards. ³⁰⁵

The Center for Medical Research of Lambaréné does not mention the use of any data standards on their Data Management and Statistics Page. ³⁰⁶ The 2017-2021 National Plan of Health Development mentions the lack of consistent data processing as an impediment for its use in the Gabonese health system (p. 9), but does not mention any collective standards being set to ensure data compatibility. ³⁰⁷ The websites of the Ministry of Health and the government of Gabon have made no mention regarding the adoption of data standards in health. ^{308 309}

2.4.2a Data sharing mechanisms

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has established mechanisms at the relevant ministries responsible for animal, human, and wildlife surveillance to share data.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) recommends the country to develop and implement multisectoral and multidisciplinary surveillance systems for priority zoonotic diseases (p. 20). ³¹⁰ It identifies the lack of a national multisectoral strategy for responding to zoonotic diseases, including in wildlife, with weak involvement of the animal health sector in preparing for and managing zoonotic disease outbreaks (p. 20). ³¹¹ In addition, there is insufficient collaboration between human health and animal health sectors pertaining to surveillance (p. 32), and it recommends the establishment of a data-sharing plaftorm between the Ministry of Health and other ministries (p. 33). ³¹²

There is no evidence of data-sharing mechanisms on the Progressive Management Pathway for Terrestrial Animal Biosecurity plan adopted by Gabon in 2025 or the 2017-2021 National Plan of Health Development. ³¹³ The 2022 Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) report "Towards Sustainable Management of Village Hunting" states that Gabon does not have any data sharing between human and animal domains (p. 163). ³¹⁴

There is no further evidence of such mechanisms on the official websites of the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Rural Development, the Ministry of Waters, Forests, the Ocean and the Environment of Gabon and the Gabonese government. ^{315 316 317 318}

2.4.3a Availability of de-identified health surveillance data on disease outbreaks

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon makes de-identified health surveillance data on infectious diseases publicly available via reports (or other format) on government websites.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), data from the surveillance system are compiled in a weekly epidemiological bulletin which is shared with other Ministry of Health programs and partners (p. 31). ³¹⁹ However, there is no reference to whether such data is published for the general public, and if data is de-identified. ³²⁰

There is data available for COVID-19 and Marburg disease, but they were published by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the Red Cross. ^{321 322} There is no evidence that the Ministry of Health or the Gabonese government publish reports o disease surveillance regularly. ^{323 324}

2.4.4a Confidentiality legislation/regulations for identifiable health information

Score: 100

Gabon has national legislation that safeguards the confidentiality of identifiable health information for individuals.

Pursuant to Article 47 of the Personal Data Protection Law, Law No. 001/2011 of 25 September 2011, the collection and processing of personal data that reveals information, whether directly or indirectly, related to the health of an individual is forbidden. ³²⁵ Nevertheless, such prohibition can be lifted for treatments necessary for research in the field of health (Article 48), but the processor must provide sufficient guarantees to ensure the implementation of the security and confidentiality measures (Article 65), and the use must ensure that the data does not allow direct identification of data subjects. ³²⁶

2.4.4b Inclusion of cyber protections in health data confidentiality law/regulation

Score: 100

There is evidence that Gabon has legislation or regulations that safeguard the confidentiality of identifiable health information for individuals and protects from cyberattacks.

Law No. 001/2011 of 31 October 2011, on the protection of personal data, safeguards the confidentiality of health information addresses medical research and the analysis of health-related data for healthcare purposes. However, the law makes no mention of any protection mechanisms in place against cyber attacks. ³²⁷

Pursuant to Article 2 of Order No. 15/PR/2018 of 23 Feburary 2018, on cybersecurity and cybercrime, the health information of individuals is included in the legislation under the category of "eletronic communication networks and information systems". ³²⁸ In accordance to Article 12, the online storage of identifiable health information of individuals must install mechanisms for monitoring data traffic and store this data for a period of ten years. ³²⁹

As stated in Article 24 of Law No. 027/2023 on regulating cybersecurity and the fight against cybercrime in the Gabonese Republic, all branches of the State are obliged to adopt information system security measures, which would include the Ministry of Health. ³³⁰

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) does not make any mention of confidentiality laws regarding health data for individuals, nor of data protection against cyber attacks. ³³¹ Similarly, neither do the Gabonese government and the Ministry of Health. ^{332 333}

2.4.5a Cooperative commitments or agreements within regions

Score: 50

The Gabonese government has made a commitment to share surveillance data for one disease during a public health emergency with other countries.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon shares health information with neighboring countries through the African Center for Disease Control (p. 35), but no specific diseases are mentioned. ³³⁴

The National Plan of Health Development 2017-2021 states that Gabon, through the Cancerology Institute of Libreville, shares information on the monitoring of Ebola with Morrocan institutions (p. 21). ³³⁵ Similarly, Gabon recieves samples from the Democratic Republic of Congo to be tested for Ebola at the International Center for Medical Research of Franceville. ³³⁶

Moreover, Gabon's adherence to the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005) serves as a primary legal and operational commitment. As a signatory, Gabon is obligated to notify the World Health Organization (WHO) of public health events that may constitute a public health emergency of international concern. This legally binding framework necessitates the sharing of surveillance data with the WHO but does not specify provisions to share with other countries. ³³⁷

2.5.1a National support to conduct contact tracing in the event of a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has a national system in place to provide support at the sub-national level (e.g. training, metrics standardization and/or financial resources) to conduct contact tracing in the event of a public health emergency.

During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Gabon implemented contact tracing as a part of the "case investigation and isolation" of their response plan, which was implemented with the help of the World Health Organization (WHO). ³³⁸ However, it is not stated that similar funding or allocation of resources would continue being made after the plan was over. ³³⁹

In accordance with Article 4 of Law No. 003/2020 of 11 May 2020, establishing measures for the prevention, fight and response to health disasters, in the case of a public health emergency the goverment may "urgently mobilize and disburse the necessary exceptional material, financial and budgetary resources". ³⁴⁰ However, no mention of training, metrics standardization or contact tracing was made. ³⁴¹

There is no mention of such system on the WHO Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), the Gabonese government or the Ministry of Health. ^{342 343 344}

2.5.1b Provision of wraparound services to enable self-isolation/quarantine as recommended

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon provides wraparound services to enable infected people and their contacts to self-isolate or quarantine as recommended, particularly economic support (paycheck, job security) and medical attention.

In 2020, Gabon received USD 147 million from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to address the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic as a consequence of containement, quarantine and curfew measures, however there is no evidence of the continuation of such funding for other health crisises. ³⁴⁵

Law No. 003/2020 of 11 May 2020, establishing measures for the prevention, fight and response to health disasters, in the case of a public health emergency the goverment may "urgently mobilize and disburse the necessary exceptional material, financial and budgetary resources". ³⁴⁶ However, no mention of wraparound services to enable infected people and their contacts to self-isolate or quarantine as recommended was made. ³⁴⁷

There is no evidence of wraparound services being provided to infected peoples in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), the government website, or the Ministry of Health. ^{348 349 350}

2.5.2a Strategy for tracing and quarantining international travelers

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has a joint plan or cooperative agreement between the public health system and border control authorities to identify suspected and potential cases in international travelers and trace and quarantine their contacts in the event of a public health emergency.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) states that Gabon does not have an agreement between security and public health authorities regarding both human and animal matters (p. 43). ³⁵¹ There is no information concerning the existence of such a plan on the official website of the Gabonese government, Ministry of Health, or the Customs and Inderect Duties Branch. ^{352 353 354}

2.6.1a Access to field epidemiology training program in country and/or abroad

Score: 100

There is evidence that Gabon has an applied epidemiology training program available in the country.

Gabon participates in Cameroon's FETP (CAFETP).³⁵⁵ CAFETP aims to strengthen human and animal health personnel in epidemiological surveillance. Specifically, this program capacitates personnel to: Respond to emergencies and public health events; Carry out public health activities linked to epidemiological surveillance; Improve the quality of surveillance of diseases; Improve communication to the scientific community for decision/policy-making and also creates a national and sub-regional epidemiological network.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon does not have an applied epidemiology training program available in the coutry, but has partnerships with Moroccan universities for training epidemiologists (p. 37). ³⁵⁶ However, there is no reference whether the government funds them to study in Morocco. ³⁵⁷

From May to August 2023 in Lambaréné, Gabon implemented and trained the first cohort of students in the Frontline Field Epidemiology Training Program with the help of Cameroonian officials. ³⁵⁸ There is no further evidence on the official websites of the Gabonese government and Ministry of Health. ³⁵⁹³⁶⁰ The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research does not have an accessible website. ³⁶¹ No additional information on the matter was found on their Facebook page. ³⁶²

2.6.1b Existence of field epidemiology training for animal health professionals

Score: 0

There is evidence that Gabon has an applied epidemiology training program available in the country.

Gabon participates in Cameroon's FETP (CAFETP), which covers animal health training.³⁶³ CAFETP aims to strengthen human and animal health personnel in epidemiological surveillance. Specifically, this program capacitates personnel to: Respond to emergencies and public health events; Carry out public health activities linked to epidemiological surveillance; Improve the quality of surveillance of diseases; Improve communication to the scientific community for decision/policy-making and also creates a national and sub-regional epidemiological network.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon does not have an applied epidemiology training program available in the coutry, but has partnerships with Moroccan universities for training epidemiologists (p. 37). ³⁶⁴ However, there is no reference whether the government funds them to study in Morocco, or whether they include animal health. ³⁶⁵

From May to August 2023 in Lambaréné, Gabon implemented and trained the first cohort of students in the Frontline Field Epidemiology Training Program with the help of Cameroonian officials. ³⁶⁶ There is no further evidence on the official websites of the Gabonese government and Ministry of Health. ^{367 368} The Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research does not have an accessible website. ³⁶⁹ No additional information on the matter was found on their Facebook page. ³⁷⁰

2.6.2a Evidence of at least 1 trained field epidemiologist per 200,000 people

Score: 0

There is no publicly available evidence that Gabon has at least 1 trained field epidemiologist per 200,000 people.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) does not provide data on the number of trained field epidemiologists in Gabon; however, it is stated that the country does not have any training for epidemology on their territory (p. 37). ³⁷¹ Additionally, WHO Health data overview for the Gabonese Republic does not include any data on the number of epidemologists in the country. ³⁷² The websites of the government and the Ministry of Health do not display any data on the number of epidemologists in Gabon. ^{373 374}

3.1.1a National emergency response plan for diseases with pandemic potential

Score: 33.33

Gabon has disease-specific response plans in place for multiple communicable diseases with epidemic or pandemic potential, but none are publicly available.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) states that Gabon has a National Multi-Hazard Contingency Plan (2012) as well as disease-specific plans for polio, Ebola, cholera and measels (p. 38), though none of these plans are publicaly available. ³⁷⁵³⁷⁶ In 2023, the Gabonese Red Cross held a workshop to draft a new National Contingency Plan, though that has also not been published. ³⁷⁷ Additionally, the World Health Organisation (WHO) Strategy of Cooperation with Gabon 2016-2021 cites aditional disease-specific plans to combat Influenza A and HIV/AIDS (p. 19), though these plans are also not publicaly available. ^{378 379}

Decree No. 0672/PR/MISPID of 16 May 2011, on the creation, attributions and functioning of the National Plaform for the Prevention and Reduction of Catastrophic Risks, does not mention communicable diseases, pandemics or epidemics. ³⁸⁰

Order No. 007/MISPID/DGPR of 13 March 2013, on the organization and functioning of the Provincial Comittee of the National Plaform for the Prevention and Reduction of Catastrophic Risks, does not mention communicable diseases, pandemics or epidemics either. ³⁸¹

No additional relevant regulations were found on the Food and Agricultre Organization's legislative database on Gabon. ³⁸²

3.1.1b National public health emergency response plan published in past 3 years

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has an overarching national public health emergency response plan in place that has been updated in the past three years.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) states that Gabon has a National Multi-Hazard Contingency Plan (2012) as well as disease-specific plans for polio, Ebola, cholera and measels (p. 38), though none of these plans are publicaly available. ^{383 384} In 2023, the Gabonese Red Cross held a workshop to draft a new National Contingency Plan, though that has also not been published. ^{385 386} Thus, though it has been confirmed that an updated draft has been made, it is unclear whether or not it has been put into place over the 2012 National Multi-Hazard Contingency Plan.

Decree No. 0672/PR/MISPID of 16 May 2011, on the creation, attributions and functioning of the National Plaform for the Prevention and Reduction of Catastrophic Risks, makes no mention of a national public health emergency response plan. ³⁸⁷ Order No. 007/MISPID/DGPR of 13 March 2013, on the organization and functioning of the Provincial Comittee of the National Plaform for the Prevention and Reduction of Catastrophic Risks, also makes no mention of national public health emergency response plan. ³⁸⁸ No additional relevant regulations were found on the Food and Agricultre Organization's legislative database on Gabon. ³⁸⁹

3.1.1c One health principles by covering multiple threat types

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has an overarching national public health emergency response plan in place that covers multiple threat types, e.g. antimicrobial resistance, zoonotic disease spillover, biological accidents or deliberate acts.

Though both the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) (p. 38) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) Strategy of Cooperation with Gabon 2016-2021 (p. 11) confirm there is a National Multi-Hazard Contingency Plan, the threat types covered are not listen in either document. ^{390 391} Additionally, the plan has not been made publicaly available, meaning this information cannot be confirmed. ³⁹² Though it is unclear whether or not the plan has been replaced by the 2023 National Contingency Plan written by the Gabonese Red Cross, it is unknown whether the draft covers multiple threat types as well. ³⁹³

Law No. 003/2020 of 11 May 2020, establishing measures for the prevention, fight and response to health disasters, does not mention of different threat types. ³⁹⁴

Decree No. 0672/PR/MISPID of 16 May 2011, on the creation, attributions and functioning of the National Plaform for the Prevention and Reduction of Catastrophic Risks, and Order No. 007/MISPID/DGPR of 13 March 2013, on the organization and functioning of the Provincial Comittee of the National Plaform for the Prevention and Reduction of Catastrophic Risks, do not mention of different threat types either. ³⁹⁵³⁹⁶ No additional relevant regulations were found on the Food and Agricultre Organization's legislative database on Gabon. ³⁹⁷

3.1.1d Vulnerable populations in national public health emergency response plan

Score: 0

There is insufficient evidence that the overarching national public health emergency response plan includes consideration of the impact of health equity or mechanisms for identifying and considering the needs of vulnerable populations.

Though both the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) (p. 38) and the World Health Organisation (WHO) Strategy of Cooperation with Gabon 2016-2021 (p. 11) confirm there is a National Multi-Hazard Contingency Plan, the contents of the plan are not listed in either document. ^{398 399} Additionally, the plan has not been made publicaly available, meaning this information cannot be confirmed. ⁴⁰⁰ Though it is unclear whether or not the plan has been replaced by the 2023 National Contingency Plan written by the Gabonese Red Cross, it is unknown whether the draft includes consideration of the impact of health equity or mechanisms for identifying and considering the needs of vulnerable populations as well. ⁴⁰¹

Law No. 003/2020 of 11 May 2020, establishing measures for the prevention, fight and response to health disasters, does not mention of measures intended to help vulnerable populations. ⁴⁰²

Decree No. 0672/PR/MISPID of 16 May 2011, on the creation, attributions and functioning of the National Plaform for the Prevention and Reduction of Catastrophic Risks, and Order No. 007/MISPID/DGPR of 13 March 2013, on the organization and functioning of the Provincial Comittee of the National Plaform for the Prevention and Reduction of Catastrophic Risks, does not mention measures for vulnerable populations. ⁴⁰³⁴⁰⁴ No additional relevant regulations were found on the Food and Agricultre Organization's legislative database on Gabon. ⁴⁰⁵

3.1.2a Mechanism to engage private sector in outbreak preparedness/response

Score: 0

There is no publicly available evidence that Gabon has any specific mechanism for engaging with the private sector to assist with outbreak emergency preparedness and response.

The sole mention of the private sector in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) was in citing a weak partnership with the private sector for vaccinations (p. 26). ⁴⁰⁶ Though the 2017-2021 National Plan of Health Development explicitly mentions the lack of collaboration between the public and private sector as a problem (p. 12), it does not list any specific measures to increase collaboration to assist with health emergencies. ⁴⁰⁷ The World Health Organisation (WHO) Strategy of Cooperation with Gabon 2016-2021 states that there is no formal mecanism for collaboration between the two sectors, meaning that engagement between the two tends to be occational (p. 13). ⁴⁰⁸ Additionally, no additional information has been published on collaborations between the public and private sector on the webite of the Gabonese government and Ministry of Health. ^{409 410}

Law No. 003/2020 of 11 May 2020, establishing measures for the prevention, fight and response to health disasters, does not mention of measures for engaging with the private sector. ⁴¹¹

Decree No. 0672/PR/MISPID of 16 May 2011, on the creation, attributions and functioning of the National Plaform for the Prevention and Reduction of Catastrophic Risks, and Order No. 007/MISPID/DGPR of 13 March 2013, on the organization and functioning of the Provincial Comittee of the National Plaform for the Prevention and Reduction of Catastrophic Risks, do not mention measures of engagement with the private sector either. ⁴¹²⁴¹³

3.1.3a Policy/plan/guidelines in place to implement non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)

Score: 50

Gabon has a policy, plan and/or guidelines in place to implement non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during an epidemic or pandemic, but only for one disease.

In accordance with Article 4 of Law No. 003/2020 of 11 May 2020, establishing measures for the prevention, fight and response to health disasters, in the case of a public health emergency the government can decree the total or partial confinement of all or part of the national territory, impose the temporary closure or opening according to adjusted hours of certain establishments open to the public, impose physical distancing measures in public spaces, businesses, public and private transport, establishments open to the public and limit or prohibit gatherings in public places as well as meetings of any kind. ⁴¹⁴ However, the legislation does cover multiple diseases.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) and the 2017-2021 National Plan of Health Development make no mention of of any other non-pharmaceutical interventions for any other diseases. ^{415 416} Similarly, nothing has been published on the websites of the Gabonese government or the Ministry of Health pertaining to such measures. ^{417 418}

3.2.1a Completion of biological-focused IHR exercise with the WHO in past year

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has activated their national emergency response plan for an infectious disease outbreak, nor that the country has completed a national-level biological threat-focused exercise (either with WHO or separately) in the past year.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon conducts simulation exercises to test emergency preparedness (p. 39). ⁴¹⁹ However, there is not a simulation exercise plan (p. 39). ⁴²⁰ In addition, the country does not have a revised national multi-sectoral and multi-hazard plan for strengthening emergency preparedness and response (p. 39). ⁴²¹

There is no evidence of such national-level biological threat-focused exercise on the official websites of the Gabonese government, the Ministry of Health or the Red Cross in the past year. ^{422 423 424} Additionally, Gabon has not conducted the World Health Organization After Action Review Simulation Excercise meant to test national emergency response plans. ⁴²⁵

3.2.1b Evidence of bio-focused exercise to identify gaps/best practices

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon in the past year has identified a list of gaps and best practices in response (either through an infectious disease response, after action review or a biological-threat focused exercise) and developed a plan to improve response capabilities.

In June 2025, the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention with the African Society for Laboratory Medicine convened in Gabon to evaluate best practices to mitigate biological threats in Africa regarding the 2021-2025 BSBS Strategic Plan. ⁴²⁶ However, it is unclear whether the list of gaps and best practices and an improved plan were produced at all, and if so whether it was done through an infectious disease response, an after action review or a biological-threat focused exercise. No additional information on the creation of a list of gaps and best practices has been published by the Gabonese government, Ministry of Health or Red Cross. ^{427 428 429}

3.2.2a Evidence of national-level biological threat-focused exercise that includes private sector

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon undergone a national-level biological threat-focused exercise that has included private sector representatives.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon conducts simulation exercises to test emergency preparedness (p. 39). ⁴³⁰ However, there is neither a simulation exercise plan (p. 39), or evidence that it included the private sector. ⁴³¹ In addition, the country does not have a revised national multi-sectoral and multi-hazard plan for strengthening emergency preparedness and response (p. 39). ⁴³²

There is no evidence of such national-level biological threat-focused exercise on the official websites of the Gabonese government, the Ministry of Health or the Red Cross in the past year. ^{433 434 435} Additionally, Gabon has not conducted the World Health Organization After Action Review Simulation Excercise meant to test national emergency response plans. ⁴³⁶

3.3.1a Existence of Emergency Operations Center (EOC)

Score: 100

Gabon does have in place have in place an Emergency Operations Center (EOC).

The Public Health Emergency Operations Center (COUSP), created through Decree N°0158/PR/MSAS of 30 June 2022, is under the purview of the Ministry of Health, and it is responsible for ensuring health monitoring during and outside of health emergency situations, developing contingency plans, training response stakeholders individually and collectively and to keep the human resources file up to date, organizing simulation exercises, coordinating the response to any public health event of national or international scope, coordinating the response of the Minister of Health as part of a multisectoral response, in the event of a catastrophe or disaster of any nature whatsoever, and others. ⁴³⁷

3.3.1b Requirement for EOC to conduct/evidence EOC conducts at least annual drills

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Gabonese Emergency Operations Center (EOC) is required to conduct a drill for a public health emergency scenario at least once per year, or that it has conducted a drill at least once per year.

The Public Health Emergency Operations Center (COUSP), created through Decree N°0158/PR/MSAS of 30 June 2022, is under the purview of the Ministry of Health, and it is responsible for organizing simulation exercises. ⁴³⁸ However, there is no requirement to conduct them once a year. ⁴³⁹

There is no evidence these exercises have been conducted at least once per year on the websites of the Gabonese government and the Ministry of Health. ^{440 441}

3.3.1c EOC activation within 120 minutes of identification of emergency/scenario

Score: 0

There is no publicly available evidence to show that the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) in Gabon has conducted within the last year a coordinated emergency response or emergency response exercise activated within 120 minutes of the identification of the public health emergency/scenario.

There is no mention of such on the official websites of the Gabonese government and the Ministry of Health. ^{442 443} There is no reference on the website of the Gabonese Red Cross either. ⁴⁴⁴

3.4.1a Joint exercise/procedures for potential deliberate biological events

Score: 0

There is neither public evidence that public health, animal health, the private sector and national security authorities in Gabon have carried out an exercise to respond to a potential deliberate biological event (i.e., bioterrorism attack), nor standard operating procedures (SOPs), guidelines, memorandums of understanding (MOUs), or other agreements between the these authorities.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) mentioned that Gabon has a weak partnership with the private sector for vaccinations (p. 26), and that the links between animal and human health are weak (p. 23). ⁴⁴⁵ There is no mention of SOPs, guidelines, or MOUs between these authorities. ⁴⁴⁶

The National Plan of Health Development 2017-2021 explicitly mentions the lack of collaboration between the public and private sector as a problem (p. 12), but it does not list any specific measures to increase collaboration to assist with health emergencies. ⁴⁴⁷

The World Health Organisation (WHO) Strategy of Cooperation with Gabon 2016-2021 states that there is no formal mecanism for collaboration between the two sectors, meaning that engagement between the two tends to be occational (p. 13). ⁴⁴⁸ Additionally, Gabon has not conducted the World Health Organization After Action Review Simulation Excercise meant to test national emergency response plans. ⁴⁴⁹ No additional information has been published on collaborations between the public and private sector on the website of the Gabonese government and Ministry of Health. ^{450 451}

There is no evidence of an existing procedure or plan in response to a potential bioterrorism attack on the websties of the Gabonese government, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Defence. ^{452 453 454} The National Plan of Health Development 2017-2021 does not mention of such measures either. ⁴⁵⁵

3.5.1a Risk communication plan for specific use during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has in any legislation, regulation, or strategy documents, a section detailing a risk communication plan that is specifically intended for use during a public health emergency.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon does not have a national communization plan on multi-hazard risks in the event of an emergency (p. 48). ⁴⁵⁶ Even though it uses a variety of media platforms to communicate about emergencies, including media, community radio stations, and print media, there is not a dedicated budget line for risk communication, and no formalized partnership with other stakeholders (p. 48). ⁴⁵⁷

Law No. 11/90 of 16 November 1990, on the state of emergency, and Law No. 003/2020 of 11 May 2020, on the establishment of measures for the prevention, fight and response to health disasters, do not mention of any risk communication plan. ^{458 459}

Neither the National Plan of Health Development 2017-2021 nor the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2018 mentions a risk communication plan intended for public health emergencies. ^{460 461} There is no evidence of such plan on the websites of the Gabonese government and the Ministry of Health. ^{462 463} No legislation was found on the issue in the Official Journal of Gabon. ⁴⁶⁴

3.5.1b Inclusion of different population & sector needs in risk communication plan

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has in any legislation, regulation, or strategy documents, a section detailing a risk communication plan that is specifically intended for use during a public health emergency.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon does not have a national communization plan on multi-hazard risks in the event of an emergency (p. 48). ⁴⁶⁵ Even though it uses a variety of media platforms to communicate about emergencies, including media, community radio stations, and print media, there is not a dedicated budget line for risk communication, and no formalized partnership with other stakeholders (p. 48). ⁴⁶⁶

Law No. 11/90 of 16 November 1990, on the state of emergency, and Law No. 003/2020 of 11 May 2020, on the establishment of measures for the prevention, fight and response to health disasters, do not mention of any risk communication plan. ^{467 468}

Neither the National Plan of Health Development 2017-2021 nor the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2018 mentions a risk communication plan intended for public health emergencies. ^{469 470} Additionally, there is no evidence of such plan on the websites of the Gabonese government and the Ministry of Health. ^{471 472} No legislation was found on the issue in the Official Journal of Gabon. ⁴⁷³

3.5.1c Designation of a specific government spokesperson during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has in any legislation, regulation, or strategy documents, a section detailing a risk communication plan that is specifically intended for use during a public health emergency.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon does not have a national communization plan on multi-hazard risks in the event of an emergency (p. 48). ⁴⁷⁴ Even though it uses a variety of media platforms to communicate about emergencies, including media, community radio stations, and print media, there is not a dedicated budget line for risk communication, and no formalized partnership with other stakeholders (p. 48). ⁴⁷⁵

Law No. 11/90 of 16 November 1990, on the state of emergency, and Law No. 003/2020 of 11 May 2020, on the establishment of measures for the prevention, fight and response to health disasters, do not mention a risk communication plan. ^{476 477}

Neither the National Plan of Health Development 2017-2021 nor the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2018 mentions a risk communication plan intended for public health emergencies. ^{478 479} Additionally, there is no evidence of such plan on the websites of the Gabonese government and the Ministry of Health. ^{480 481} No legislation was found on the issue in the Official Journal of Gabon. ⁴⁸²

3.5.2a Government use of media platforms to share info on public health emergencies

Score: 100

The Gabonese health system regularly shares information about ongoing public health concerns and/or dispel rumors, misinformation or disinformation.

The Ministry of Health's website regularly publishes articles on issues pertaining to health initatives and issues in the country. ⁴⁸³ During the COVID-19 Pandemic, epidemological updates were regularly added to the website every couple of days. ⁴⁸⁴ Additionally, the Ministry of Health is very active on Facebook, regularly posting about ongoing health concerns and occasionally dispelling rumors, misinformation or disinformation. ⁴⁸⁵ For example, on 17 July 2025 a fake image of a document about the public exams held by the Ministry of Health was debunked on the Facebook page. ⁴⁸⁶

3.5.2b Evidence that senior leaders have shared mis/disinformation on infectious diseases

Score: 100

There is no evidence that Gabonese senior leaders (president or ministers) have shared misinformation or disinformation on infectious diseases in the past two years.

There is no evidence either from national media sources La Tribune, Gabon Actu, Gabon Review, and L'Union or international fact-checking media teams Reuters and the Washington Post that any senior leaders in Gabon shared incorrect or untrue information on infectious diseases. ^{487 488 489 490 491 492 493}

3.6.1a Percentage of households with Internet

Score: 77.91

3.6.2a Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

Score: 66.31

3.6.3a Gender gap in access to a mobile phone (percentage points)

Score: 93.33

3.6.4a Gender gap in access to the Internet (percentage points)

Score: 87.5

3.7.1a Restrictions on export/import of medical goods due to an infectious disease outbreak

Score: 100

There is no publicly available evidence that Gabon has implemented restrictions on export/import of medical goods (e.g. medicines, oxygen, medical supplies, PPE) due to an infectious disease outbreak in the past year.

There is no evidence of such restrictions on the websites of the Gabonese government and Ministry of Health. ^{494 495} There is no evidence of any restrictions on the websites of the Ministry of Entreprenuership, Commerce and PME-PMI or the Official Journal. ^{496 497}

3.7.1b Restrictions on movement and/or exports/imports due to disease outbreak

Score: 100

There is no publicly available evidence that Gabon has implemented restrictions on export/import of non-medical goods (e.g. medicines, oxygen, medical supplies, PPE) due to an infectious disease outbreak in the past year.

There is no evidence of such restrictions on the websites of the Gabonese government and Ministry of Health. ^{498 499} There is no evidence of any restrictions on the websites of the Ministry of Entreprenuership, Commerce and PME-PMI or the Official Journal. ^{500 501}

3.7.2a Evidence of travel ban due to an infectious disease outbreak

Score: 100

There is no publicly available evidence that Gabon has implemented inbound or outbound travel restrictions due to an infectious disease outbreak in the past year.

There is no evidence of such restrictions on the websites of the Gabonese government and Ministry of Health. ^{502 503} Additionally, no evidence of any restrictions implemented on inbound or outbound travel in the past year was found on the website of the Ministry of Tourism and Crafts or the Official Journal. ^{504 505}

3.7.2b Risk-based approach to international travel-related measures

Score: 0

There is no publicly available evidence that a risk-based approach is used to create international travel-related measures.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) explicitly states tha Gabon has insufficient means to examine, test, diagnose or transport potentially ill visitors at points of entry to the country (p. 50). ⁵⁰⁶ Nevertheless, there is no mention to any travel restrictions in the country. ⁵⁰⁷ No information on border, quarantine, vaccination or testing policies implemented for travel is available on the webite of the Gabonese government, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Tourism and Crafts, Ministry of Defense or Daily Publication. ^{508 509 510 511 512}

4.1.1a Doctors per 100,000 people

Score: 7.36

4.1.1b Nurses and midwives per 100,000 people

Score: 28.91

4.1.1c Updated health workforce strategy to address human resource shortfalls

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has a health workforce strategy in place (which has been updated in the past five years) to identify fields where there is an insufficient workforce and strategies to address these shortcomings.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon lacks a plan for the continuous development of a workforce in human and animal health (p. 37). ⁵¹³ According to the WHO Health Workforce in the Africa Region 2013-2022: Implications for the future", Gabon is among the countries that "could have a problem replacing retired health workers and meeting their needs" (p. 6). ⁵¹⁴

Although the National Plan of Health Development 2017-2021 mentions the creation of a plan for the development of health professionals, there is no evidence that the plan has been published. ^{515 516 517}

There is no further evidence on the websites of the Gabonese government and Ministry of Health. ^{518 519}

4.1.1d Health system capacity for essential health services

Score: 0

The Gabonese Health system has insufficient capacity within the health system to deliver essential health services.

According to the Joint external evaluation of the International Health Regulations (‎2005)‎ core capacities for Gabon, the country scores 1 on this measure owing to a lack of a multi-sectoral plan for the deployment of health personnel during a public health emergency.⁵²⁰

According to the World Health Organization's Universal Health Coverage Service Coverage Index, Gabon scores a 49 out of 100, ranking it 153 out of 208 countries. This index is the result of an evaluation of health coverage and the availability to deliver essential services pertaining to reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases even in circumstances of service capacity and access. ⁵²¹

Additionally, the World Bank's Study "Health Financing in Gabon" (2014) identifies that Gabon is not meeting the health outcomes of countries with similar income and health spending (p.23). It also points out how communicable diseases continue to be a primary cause of mortality (p. 23). ⁵²² This is corroborated by the World Health Organization's "Health data overview for the Gabonese Republic" (2025) that reports the leading cause of death for men and women is Tuberculosis, followed by HIV/AIDS. The same overview finds as of 2021 only 2.71% of Gabon's Gross Domestic Product is spent on health. ⁵²³

4.1.1e Essential health services continuity plan for public health emergencies

Score: 0

There is no evidence of a plan to ensure continuity of essential health services during a public health emergency in Gabon.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), the country does not have a revised national multi-sectoral and multi-hazard plan for strengthening emergency preparedness and response (p. 39). ⁵²⁴ There is mention of a plan to ensure continuity of essential health services during a public health emergency. ⁵²⁵

Law No. 11/90 of 16 November 1990, on the state of emergency, and Law No. 003/2020 of 11 May 2020, on the establishment of measures for the prevention, fight and response to health disasters, do not mention of a plan to ensure continuity of essential health services during a public health emergency. ^{526 527}

The National Plan of Health Development 2017-2021 does not describe any plan to maintain essential health services during a public health emergency. ⁵²⁸ The WHO Strategy of Cooperation with Gabon 2016-2021 confirms there is a National Multi-Hazard Contingency Plan (p. 11), but the plan itself and its contents have not been made publicly available. ^{529 530 531} The website of the Gabonese government and the Ministry of Health does not mention whether a similar plan has been drafted or enacted. ^{532 533} No additional relevant regulations were found on the Food and Agricultre Organization's legislative database on Gabon. ⁵³⁴

4.1.2a Hospital beds per 100,000 people

Score: 50.17

4.1.2b In-country capacity to isolate patients with highly communicable diseases

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has the capacity to isolate patients with highly communicable diseases in a biocontainment patient care unit and/or patient isolation room/unit located within the country.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) does not mention isolation capacity of the country. ⁵³⁵ There is no mention of any plans to build an isolation space in the National Plan of Health Development 2017-2021. ⁵³⁶ Additionally, there is no evidence that the biggest and newset hospitals in Gabon, the University Hospital Center of Libreville and the Moanda Hospital respectively, have a designated space to isolate patiens. ^{537 538} Neither the Gabonese government nor the Ministry of Health have published any information on the matter on their websites. ^{539 540}

4.1.2c Demonstrated capacity / evidence of plan to expand isolation capacity

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has demonstrated capacity to expand isolation capacity in response to an infectious disease outbreak or developed, updated or tested a plan to expand isolation capacity in response to an infectious disease outbreak in the past two years.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) does not mention isolation capacity of the country. ⁵⁴¹ There is no mention of any plans to build an isolation space in the National Plan of Health Development 2017-2021. ⁵⁴² Additionally, there is no evidence that the biggest and newset hospitals in Gabon, the University Hospital Center of Libreville and the Moanda Hospital respectively, have a designated space to isolate patiens. ^{543 544} Neither the Gabonese government nor the Ministry of Health have published any information on the matter on their websites. ^{545 546}

4.2.1a National procurement protocol for the acquisition of routine laboratory/medical supplies

Score: 50

Gabon has a national procurement protocol or contract framework in place which can be utilized by the Ministries of Health and Agriculture for the acquisition of medical supplies (e.g. equipment, PPE) for routine needs, but it is unclear that it applies to laboratory supplies (e.g. equipment, reagents and media).

Pursuant to Article 3 of the Public Procurement Law (Decree No. 00027/PR/MEPPDD of 17 January 2018), the procurement framework can be used by the state and any other organ created or financed by the state, which would include the Ministries of Health and Agriculture. ⁵⁴⁷ Additionally, Article 94 specifically mentions regulations for the aquisition of medical and pharmaceutical supplies like vaccines. ⁵⁴⁸ No other mentions of medical supplies were made. No mention of laboratory supplies were made at all. ⁵⁴⁹ Among the methods of procurement mentioned were direct (p. 25) and competitive bidding (p. 24). ⁵⁵⁰

4.2.2a Stockpile of medical supplies for national use during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has a stockpile of medical supplies for national use during a public health emergency.

In 2023, the Ministry of Health published the article titled "Arrival of Equipment for Strengthening the Cold Chain, Transport, Preservation and Storage of Vaccines" about the arrival of equipment used to store, transport and preserve vaccines, detailing that among the equipment, there were "(05) cold rooms (three of 30 m3, one of 40 m3 and another of 20 m3) , four (04) refrigerated vehicles, sixty (60) refrigerators/freezers including solar refrigerators, two thousand (2000) vaccine carriers, personal protective equipment (8,000 surgical masks, 6,000 latex examination gloves), and IT equipment". No mention of intended use for emergencies was made. ⁵⁵¹

The National Plan of Health Development 2017-2021 acknowledges the insufficient stockpiles of the country at the time and does set the creation of a stockpile as one of the plan's objectives (p. 14), but it makes no mention of a plan for even distribution or the intended contents. ⁵⁵² According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon has sufficient stocking capacity for vaccines, but there is no reference whether this stockpile is available during health emergencies. It does mention the 2012 Multi-Hazard Contingency Plan that could contain further details on the contents or distribution stockpiles (p. 38), but the plan has not been made publicly available. ^{553 554}

4.2.2b Stockpile of laboratory supplies for national use during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has a stockpile of laboratory supplies for national use.

In 2023, the Ministry of Health published the article titled "Arrival of Equipment for Strengthening the Cold Chain, Transport, Preservation and Storage of Vaccines" about the arrival of equipment used to store, transport and preserve vaccines. ⁵⁵⁵ However, there is no reference to laboratory supplies. ⁵⁵⁶

The National Plan of Health Development 2017-2021 acknowledges the insufficient stockpiles of the country at the time and does set the creation of a stockpile as one of the plan's objectives (p. 14), but the intended purpose of the stockpile (medical or laboratory) is unclear. ⁵⁵⁷ The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) makes no mention of any stockpiles. It does mention the 2012 Multi-Hazard Contingency Plan that could contain further details on the contents or distribution stockpiles (p. 38), but the plan has not been made publicaly available. ⁵⁵⁸⁵⁵⁹

4.2.2c Annual review of national stockpile to ensure sufficient supply

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon conducts or requires an annual review of the national stockpile to ensure the supply is sufficient for a public health emergency.

In 2023, the Ministry of Health published the article titled "Arrival of Equipment for Strengthening the Cold Chain, Transport, Preservation and Storage of Vaccines", in which it mentions the arrival of equipment for the national stockpile, particularly for preserving vaccines. ⁵⁶⁰ There is a reference to a visit of the Ministry of Health to a vaccination storage warehouse in the Nkembo Specialized Hospital, but it was done to report of the expansion of the space, not the review of the stockpile itself. ⁵⁶¹

The National Plan of Health Development 2017-2021 acknowledges the insufficient stockpiles of the country at the time and does set the creation of a stockpile as one of the plan's objectives (p. 14), but any intended regulations like mandatory annual reviews were not specified. ⁵⁶² The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) makes no mention of annual review of the national stockpile. ⁵⁶³

4.2.3a Plan/agreement to produce/procure medical supplies during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has a mechanism to procure or expedite medical supplies (e.g. MCMs, medicines, vaccines, equipment, PPE) in a public health emergency.

Pursuant to Article 3 of the Public Procurement Law, Decree No. 00027/PR/MEPPDD of 17 January 2018, the procurement framework can be used by the state and any other organ created or financed by the state, which would include the Ministries of Health and Agriculture. ⁵⁶⁴ Article 70 exempts competitive procedure and enables expedited purchase of goods in case of emergencies due to unforeseen circumstances or cases of force majeure that make it impossible to meet the deadlines set out in the tendering procedures and require immediate intervention. However,no mentions of the criteria for an emergency and its application to public health emergencies were made. ⁵⁶⁵

According to the United Nations Sustainable Development Framework for Gabon 2023-2027, the nation has a National Plan of Transformation and Acceleration, meant to accelerate transformative actions of other national programs, including the 2017-2021 National Plan of Health Development (p. 15). ⁵⁶⁶ Although the plan is not publicly avaiable, the Ministry of Health reported that in 2021, the program allowed for the first-ever manufacturing of medication in Gabon, with a batch of antimalarials, dewormers, paracetamol, Co-Trimoxazole, Mebendazole, and Ciprofloxacin being produced in the Nkok economic zone. ⁵⁶⁷ No additional legislation on the topic was found on the Official Journal of Gabon.⁵⁶⁸

4.2.3b Plan/agreement to produce/procure lab supplies during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has a mechanism to procure laboratory supplies in the case of a health emergency.

Pursuant to Article 3 of the Public Procurement Law, Decree No. 00027/PR/MEPPDD of 17 January 2018, the procurement framework can be used by the state and any other organ created or financed by the state, which would include the Ministries of Health and Agriculture. ⁵⁶⁹ Article 70 exempts competitive procedure and enables expedited purchase of goods in case of emergencies due to unforeseen circumstances or cases of force majeure that make it impossible to meet the deadlines set out in the tendering procedures and require immediate intervention. ⁵⁷⁰ However, it does not specifically mention laboratory supplies. ⁵⁷¹

According to the United Nations Sustainable Development Framework for Gabon 2023-2027, the nation has a National Plan of Transformation and Acceleration, meant to accelerate transformative actions of other national programs, including the 2017-2021 National Plan of Health Development (p. 15). ⁵⁷² Although the plan is not publicly avaiable, the Ministry of Health reported that in 2021, the program allowed for the first-ever manufacturing of medication in Gabon, with a batch of antimalarials, dewormers, paracetamol, Co-Trimoxazole, Mebendazole, and Ciprofloxacin being produced in the Nkok economic zone. ⁵⁷³ No additional legislation on the topic was found on the Official Journal of Gabon. ⁵⁷⁴

4.2.3c Mechanism emergency logistics and supply chain management

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has a system or mechanism for national and subnational levels for emergency logistics and supply chain management in Gabon.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon does not have a revised national multi-sectoral and multi-hazard plan for strengthening emergency preparedness and response (p. 39). ⁵⁷⁵ There is a Multi-Hazard National Contingency Plan (2012) cited in the evaluation (p. 38), but there is no evidence that the plan has been made public. ^{576 577}

There is no reference to such system or mechanism on the National Plan of Health Development 2017-2021. ⁵⁷⁸ Neither the Gabonese government nor the Ministry of Health's websites have published any information on the matter. ^{579 580} No further evidence was found in the World Bank's Gabon COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Project (SPRP) (P173927). ⁵⁸¹

4.3.1a Plan/program/guidelines for dispensing MCMs during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence Gabon has a plan, program, or guidelines in place for dispensing medical countermeasures (MCM) for national use during a public health emergency (i.e., antibiotics, vaccines, therapeutics and diagnostics).

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) does not make any mention of such a plan. ⁵⁸² No mention of plans for the creation of a program or guidelines on the matter is made in the 2017-2021 National Plan of Health Development. ⁵⁸³ Neither the Gabonese government nor the Ministry of Health's websites have published any information on the matter. ^{584 585}

4.3.2a Plan to receive foreign health personnel during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has a public plan in place to facilitate workforce surge in an emergency.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) does cite the existance of a Strategic Human Resources Plan in Health (2014) (p. 36), but the plan has not been made publicly available. ^{586 587} No mention of plans for the creation of a program or guidelines on the matter is made in the 2017-2021 National Plan of Health Development. ⁵⁸⁸ Neither the Gabonese government nor the Ministry of Health's websites have published any information on the matter. ^{589 590}

4.3.2b Plan to facilitate workforce surge in an emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has a public plan in place to receive health personnel from other countries to respond to a public health emergency.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) mentions various international health partnerships held by Gabon with the World Health Organization, World Organization for Animal Health, and United Nations Children's Fund (p. 45). However, it does explicitly state that Gabon lacks formal mechanisms to send or receive foreign medical aid (p. 45). ⁵⁹¹ No plans to develop a formal mechanism for this purpose are mentioned in the 2017-2021 National Plan of Health Development. ⁵⁹² Neither the Gabonese government nor the Ministry of Health's websites have published any information on the matter. ^{593 594}

4.3.2c Plan to redeploy existing health personnel within the country

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has a public plan in place to redeploy existing health personnel within the country.

No mention of existing plans for redeployment is made in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019). ⁵⁹⁵ The Joint External Evaluation does cite the existence of partnerships that allow for the reception/deployment of health experts to other countries (p. 45) as well as the existance of a Strategic Human Resources Plan in Health (2014) (p. 36), though it has not been made publicly available. ^{596 597} Similarly, no future plans for redeployment are mentioned in the 2017-2021 National Plan of Health Development. ⁵⁹⁸ The Ministry of Health did publish an article in 2011 about how the General Directorate of Human Resources redeployment of nearly 431 agents to the various structures of the country October 2010, nonetheless this was not connected to any currently-existent broader plan. ⁵⁹⁹ No other mention of such a plan has been made by the Gabonese government or the Ministry of Health's website. ^{600 601}

4.4.1a Constitutional guarantee of citizens’ right to medical care

Score: 75

The Gabonese Constitution explicitly guarantees citizens' right to medical care, though it is not guaranteed to be free.

Pursuant to Article 37 of the Gabonese Constitution (2024), the State shall guarantee to all, including children, mothers, people living with disabilities, retirees, and the elderly, access to health protection, though it is not specified to be free. ⁶⁰²

4.4.1b Access to skilled birth attendants (% of population)

Score: 92.65

4.4.1c Out-of-pocket health expenditures per capita, PPP (current international $)

Score: 88.46

4.4.1d Coverage of essential health services through universal health coverage

Score: 45.83

4.4.1e Total population pushed below a relative poverty line by household health expenditure (60% of media daily per capita consumption or income)

Score: 78.28

4.4.1f Rate of mortality amenable to health care

Score: 58.48

4.4.2a Guaranteed paid sick leave

Score: 66.67

Workers are guaranteed paid sick leave in Gabon. However, there is no reference whether it covers mental health problems.

Articles 54 and 55 of the Labour Code, Law No. 022/2021 of 19 November 2021, state that employers are expected to compensate the worker an amount equal to his normal remuneration during a period of absence due to illness. ⁶⁰³ However, no mention of leave due to mental problems is made. ⁶⁰⁴

4.4.3a Government prioritisation of care for healthcare workers during response

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Gabonese government has issued legislation, a policy, or a public statement committing to provide prioritized healthcare services to healthcare workers who become sick as a result of responding to a public health emergency.

There is no mention of such commitment in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019). ⁶⁰⁵ Similarly, no plans to make such a commitment are mentioned in the National Plan of Health Development 2017-2021. ⁶⁰⁶ There is no evidence on the Gabonese government or the Ministry of Health's websites. ^{607 608}

4.5.1a Existence of system for communication during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has a system in place for public health officials and healthcare workers to communicate during a public health emergency.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) mentions the existence of a strategic plan for communication and sectorial communication plans (p. 47), but does not specify what plans are being referred to. ⁶⁰⁹ Similarly, no plans to create a similar system are mentioned in the 2017-2021 National Plan of Health Development. ⁶¹⁰ Decree No. 0158/PR/MSAS of 06/30/2022 establishing the creation, responsibilities, organization and operation of the Public Health Emergency Operations Center (COUSP) does not mention the existence of any similar system. ⁶¹¹ No mention of such a system has been made by the Gabonese government or the Ministry of Health's website. ^{612 613}

4.5.1b Inclusion of public and private sector in healthcare communication system

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has a system for public health officials and healthcare workers to communicate during an emergency encompass healthcare workers in both the public and private sector.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) mentions the existence of a strategic plan for communication and sectorial communication plans (p. 47), but does not specify what plans are being referred to. ⁶¹⁴ Similarly, no plans to create a similar system are mentioned in the 2017-2021 National Plan of Health Development. ⁶¹⁵ Decree No. 0158/PR/MSAS of 06/30/2022 establishing the creation, responsibilities, organization and operation of the Public Health Emergency Operations Center (COUSP) does not mention the existence of any similar system. ⁶¹⁶ No mention of such a system has been made by the Gabonese government or the Ministry of Health's website. ^{617 618}

4.6.1a Evidence of national public health system monitoring and tracking of HCAIs

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Gabonese national public health system is monitoring for and tracking the number of healthcare associated infections (HCAI) that take place in healthcare facilities.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) states that there are Committees for the Fight Against Healthcare Associated Infections (CLINS) in certain hospitals, but also reports that the country lacks a national program and terms of reference for these committees (p. 17). ⁶¹⁹ Gabon's National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance does not mention healthcare associated infections or a system to monitor them. ⁶²⁰ Similary the National Plan for Health Development 2017-2021 does not mention a similar programme either. ⁶²¹ No additional information has been shared by the Gabonese government or the Ministry of Health's website. ^{622 623}

4.6.1b Infection prevention and control programme

Score: 0

There is no evidence of an infection prevention and control programme (IPC) in place nationally in Gabon.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon does not have a national IPC program or terms of reference for the Committee to Fight Against Healthcare-Associated Infections (CLINS) and the hygiene committees (p. 17). ⁶²⁴

There is no evidence of such plan on the official websites of the Gabonese government or the Ministry of Health's website. ^{625 626} No additional evidence was found on the Official Journal of Gabon. ⁶²⁷

4.6.1c National plan to ensure a safe environment in health facilities

Score: 0

There is no evidence of a plan to ensure a safe environment in health facilities nationally in Gabon.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) states that Gabon does not have an infection prevention and control programme (IPC) (p. 17). ⁶²⁸ There is no reference to measures to ensure a safe environment in health facilities in the National Plan for Health Development 2017-2021. ⁶²⁹ No information was found on the topic on the websites of the Gabonese government and the Ministry of Health. ^{630 631} No evidence of existing legislation on the matter was found in the Daily Publication's legislative search engine. ⁶³²

4.7.1a Requirement for ethical review before beginning a clinical trial

Score: 100

There is evidence of a national requirement for ethical review (e.g., from an ethics committee or via Institutional Review Board approval) before beginning a clinical trial in Gabon.

The World Bank's "Consultancy for Scoping of a Continental Regulatory Information Management System Solution and Information Sharing Platform for the Member States in the African Union" (2020) states that clinical trials require the approval of an ethics committee or an institutional evaluation board (p. 30). ⁶³³ The products to be examined must be compliant with Good Manufacturing Practives and the sponsor and principal investigator are also supposed to comply with Good Clinical Practices (p. 30). ⁶³⁴

However, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) makes no mention of such requirements. ⁶³⁵ The Center for Medical Research of Lambaréné, one of the country's best laboratories, does not mention any Gabonese legislation on the "Institutional Ethics Committee" page of their website. ⁶³⁶ No evidence of existing legislation on the matter was found in the Daily Publication's legislative search engine. ⁶³⁷ No additional information has been shared by the Gabonese government or the Ministry of Health's website. ^{638 639}

4.7.1b Expedited approval for clinical trials of unregistered MCMs during epidemics

Score: 0

There is no evidence of an expedited process for approving clinical trials for unregistered medical countermeasures (MCM) or mutual recognition of clinical trial results taking place elsewhere to treat ongoing pandemics or epidemics in Gabon.

The World Bank's "Consultancy for Scoping of a Continental Regulatory Information Management System Solution and Information Sharing Platform for the Member States in the African Union" (2020) states that clinical trials require the approval of an ethics committee or an institutional evaluation board (p. 30). ⁶⁴⁰ Nonetheless no mention of an expedited or mutual recognition process for approving unregistered medical countermeasures was made. ⁶⁴¹

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) makes no mention of such a process requirements. ⁶⁴² Neither the Center for Medical Research of Lambaréné, one of the country's best laboratories, nor Gabonese government or the Ministry of Health's websites mention any information on clinical trials and how they are initiated. ^{643 644 645} No evidence of existing legislation on the matter was found in the Daily Publication's legislative search engine. ⁶⁴⁶

4.7.2a Existence of agency responsible for approving new human MCMs

Score: 100

Gabon has a government agency responsible for approving new medical countermeasures (MCM) for humans.

According to the the World Bank's "Consultancy for Scoping of a Continental Regulatory Information Management System Solution and Information Sharing Platform for the Member States in the African Union" (2020), the Directory of Medications and Pharmacy, the national medicine regulatory authority of Gabon, is responsible for approving new medical countermeasures for humans in Gabon. ⁶⁴⁷

4.7.2b Expedited approval for human MCMs during public health emergencies

Score: 0

There is no evidence of an expedited process for approving medical countermeasures (MCM) for human use or recognition of approval decisions taking place elsewhere during public health emergencies.

The World Bank's "Consultancy for Scoping of a Continental Regulatory Information Management System Solution and Information Sharing Platform for the Member States in the African Union" report states that the approval of medication requires clinical trials with the approval of an ethics committee or an institutional evaluation board (p. 30). ⁶⁴⁸ Nonetheless, no mention of an expedited or mutual recognition process for approving medical countermeasures for human use was made. ⁶⁴⁹

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) at no moment mentions approval procedures for new medical countermeasures. ⁶⁵⁰ No information was found on the topic of this process on the websites of the Gabonese government and the Ministry of Health. ^{651 652} No evidence of existing legislation on the matter was found in the Daily Publication's legislative search engine. ⁶⁵³

5.1.1a Submission of IHR reports to the WHO in past year

Score: 100

Gabon has submitted an IHR Self-Assessment Annual Report (SPAR) to the WHO for the last calendar year, with the latest submission in 2024.⁶⁵⁴

5.1.2a Existence of specific risk reduction strategies for epidemics and pandemics

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has a national risk reduction strategy for or that includes epidemics and pandemics.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), Gabon does not have a revised national multi-sectoral and multi-hazard plan to strenghten emergency preparedness and response (p. 39). ⁶⁵⁵ There is no evidence that Gabon has published any health-related risk reduction policies on the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction's platform. ⁶⁵⁶

There is no mention of such plan in the National Plan for Health Development 2017-2021, or the World Health Organisation (WHO) Strategy of Cooperation with Gabon 2016-2021. ^{657 658} There is evidence on the official websites of Gabonese government, the Ministry of Health, or the Gabonese Official Gazette. ^{659 660 661}

5.2.1a Existence of public health emergency agreements with regional neighbors

Score: 0

Gabon is part of a regional group with provisions on public health emergencies. There is no evidence of gaps in implementation.

Gabon has been a member of the African Union since 23 May 1963. ⁶⁶² However, this does not necessarily mean that there are specific agreements in place in the event of a public health emergency. On 15 July 2022, the African Union published its Revised Statute of the African CDC and its Framework of Operation; pursuant to Article 3, Member States will receive support to the implementation of early warning and response surveillance platforms, as well as preparedness and response systems, declare Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (PHECS), promote partnerships and collaborations among Member States to address emerging and endemic diseases, pandemics, and public health emergencies, implement capacity-building measures in public health, including through medium- and long-term leadership, field epidemiological, public health emergency and laboratory training programs, and others. ⁶⁶³ As a member of the Africa Center for Disease Control, Gabon benefits from cross-border agreements and protocols, including the African Volunteer Health Corps organized by the Emergency Operations Centre of Africa CDC for the deployment of health professionals from different Africa CDC countries in the case of emergency. Additionally, there are estalbished protocols in the Africa CDC for the establishment and operation of Public Health Emergency Operation Centers. ^{664 665 666}

No evidence of gaps in implementation were found in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), nor from national media sources La Tribune, Gabon Actu, Gabon Review, and L'Union or international fact-checking media teams Reuters and the Washington Post. ^{667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674}

5.2.1b Existence of animal health emergency agreements with regional neighbors

Score: 0

Gabon has cross-border strategies, as part of a regional group, with regards to animal health emergencies. However, there is no evidence that it has been fully implemented.

While Gabon has been a member of the African Union since 1963, this does not necessarily mean that there are specific agreements in place between countries in the event of a public health emergency. ⁶⁷⁵ In 2019, the African Union Inter-African Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR) enacted the Animal Health Strategy for Africa 2019-2035, which includes the goal of promoting the establishment of early warning, emergency response mechanisms and disaster fund for animal resources at national, regional and continental levels. ⁶⁷⁶ It includes goals to adapt emergency preparedness and response framework guidelines, train and simulate exercises at regional and national levels, establish regional response teams and mechanism, and establish a continental-level disaster fund. ⁶⁷⁷

As a member of the Africa Center for Disease Control, Gabon benefits from cross-border agreements and protocols, including the African Volunteer Health Corps organized by the Emergency Operations Centre of Africa CDC for the deployment of health professionals from different Africa CDC countries in the case of emergency. Additionally, there are estalbished protocols in the Africa CDC for the establishment and operation of Public Health Emergency Operation Centers. However, there is no mention of animal health pertaining in those agreements. ^{678 679 680}

Nevertheless, there is no evidence that such measures have been implemented on the African Union website. ⁶⁸¹

5.3.1a Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention status

Score: 100

Gabon signed and ratified the Biological Weapons Convention on 16 August 2007. ⁶⁸²

5.3.1b Submission of CBMs to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention

Score: 0

Gabon has not submitted confidence building measures for the Biological Weapons Convention in the past three years. The last confidence building measures for the convention were submitted in 2016 and are not publicaly available. ⁶⁸³

5.3.1c Submission of UNSCR 1540 reports

Score: 100

Gabon provided the required United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1540 report to the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1540 (1540 Committee) on 14 Feburary 2011. ⁶⁸⁴

5.3.1d Extent of UNSCR 1540 implementation on public health emergencies

Score: 0

5.3.2a Membership in global health security and/or biological weapons agreements

Score: 0

Gabon is not a member of the Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction (GP), the Australia Group (AG) and the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI). ^{685 686 687}

5.4.1a Completion and publication of JEE (or GHSA pilot external assessment) report

Score: 0

Gabon has not completed a Joint External Evaluation (JEE) or precursor external evaluation (e.g., GHSA pilot external assessment) and published a full public report in the last five years.

The last JEE conducted by Gabon was in 2019. ^{688 689} The last document reporting on Gabon's GHSA pilot external assessment was published in 2017, the date of the assessment is unclear. ⁶⁹⁰

5.4.2a Completion and publication of PVS report (past five years)

Score: 0

Gabon has not completed and published a Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) assessment in the last five years. The last completed and published PVS report is from 2019. ⁶⁹¹

5.4.2b Completion and publication of PVS gap analysis (past five years)

Score: 0

Gabon has not completed and published a Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) gap analysis in the last five years. The last completed and published PVS gap analysis is from 2011. ⁶⁹²

5.5.1a Evidence of allocated national funds to improve capacity to address epidemic threats

Score: 0

There is no evidence that Gabon has allocated national funds to improve capacity to address pandemic or epidemic threats within the past three years.

In 2025, the Minister of Health requested a CFA 9,644 million (USD 16.95 million) increase in the 2025 health budget to support health security programs and fund the fight against HIV/AIDS, but it is unclear whether this request was fulfilled and if so what portion of the budget will be directed to epidemic or pandemic. ⁶⁹³ No information was found on the issue on the websites of the Gabonese government and the Ministry of Health. ^{694 695} No evidence of existing legislation on the matter was found in the Official Journal's legislative search engine. ⁶⁹⁶

5.5.2a National budget to address gaps identified in JEE, NAPHS or GHSA roadmap

Score: 0

Gabon's Joint External Evaluation (JEE) report does not allocate or describe specific funding from the national budget (covering a time-period either in the future or within the past five years) to address the identified gaps.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) does mention a lack of a national budget dedicated towards issues like healths security, but it does not alloacte specific funding from the national budget to address the issue (p. 13). ⁶⁹⁷ There is no proof of a National Action Plan for Health Security (NAPHS) or national GHSA roadmap on the websites of the Gabonese government and the Ministry of Health. ^{698 699}

5.5.2b National budget to address gaps identified in PVS assessment or gap analysis

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) gap analysis or PVS assessment in Gabon allocate or describe specific funding from the national budget to address the identified gaps. The last completed and published PVS report is from 2019, and the last completed and published PVS gap analysis is from 2011. ⁷⁰⁰ Neither have been made publicly available. ⁷⁰¹

5.5.3a Emergency public financing during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no publicly identified special emergency public financing mechanism and funds which Gabon can access in the face of a public health emergency.

The National Plan for Health Development 2017-2021 mentions an intent to create a fund for emergencies as a part of the Emergency Operations Center (p. 56), but it is unclear whether or not it has been fulfilled. ⁷⁰² Article 4 of Decree No. 0158/PR/MSAS of 06/30/2022 establishing the creation, responsibilities, organization and operation of the Public Health Emergency Operations Center (COUSP), mentions the intention to create emergency reserves, but further plans have not been elaborated. ⁷⁰³ Neither the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019), nor the the websites of the Gabonese government and the Ministry of Health mention the existence of any emergency public financing mechanism. ^{704 705 706}

5.5.4a Commitments to improve domestic or foreign capacity for epidemic threats

Score: 100

Senior leaders in Gabon have made a public commitment to increase the country’s domestic capacity to address pandemic or epidemic threats by requesting expanded financing to improve capacity.

In 2025, the Minister of Health requested a CFA 9,644 million (USD 16.95 million) increase in the 2025 health budget to support health security programs and fund the fight against the HIV/AIDS epidemic. ⁷⁰⁷

5.5.4b Investments to improve domestic or foreign capacity for epidemic threats

Score: 100

Gabon has requested and recieved financing or technical support from donors to improve its domestic capacity to address epidemic threats in the past three years.

In response to the diphtheria epidemic in the country's Northern Health Region, it received financial support amounted to USD 450,000 and 33,600 doses of Pentavalent vaccine, 120,000 doses of Tetanus-Diphtheria (Td) vaccine, 153,600 auto-disable syringes, and 4,250 safety boxes from the Japanese government as a part of the Additional Funding for the Humanitarian Response. ⁷⁰⁸ Additionally, in 2022 Gabon received 62,000 surgical masks, 3,000 FFP2/N95 masks, 193,000 examination gloves, 1,200 gowns, 3,456 protective visors for the United Nations Childrens' Fund (UNICEF) for pandemic and crisis prevention purposes. ⁷⁰⁹ Additionally, the International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies provided Gabon with 195,000 CHF (245,610.50 USD) in emergency spending and 56,000 CHF (70,534.30 USD) in long-term projects, which included work to combat the monkey pox virus in the country. ⁷¹⁰

5.5.4c Evidence that the country has fulfilled its full WHO contribution within the past two years

Score: 0

Gabon has not fulfilled its full contribution to the WHO within the past two years.

According to the World Health Organization's "Statement of Account GABON As at 31 January 2025", Gabon has yet to pay the 74,640 USD owed to the WHO in 2025. Furthermore, it 0ayed solely 21,849 USD out of 74,650 USD owed in 2024, leaving Gabon with a current outstanding balance of 127,442 USD. ⁷¹¹ Gabon is also up to date with its payments from 2022 and 2023. ⁷¹²

5.6.1a Sharing of genetic/biological data and materials beyond influenza

Score: 0

Gabon does not have a publicly available plan or policy for sharing genetic data along with the associated epidemiological data with international organizations and/or other countries.

The Nagoya Protocol that is meant to ensure the fair and equitable sharing of biological and genetic resources, data and technology was signed and ratified by Gabon in 2011. ^{713 714} Implementation is evidenced by the signing of the first Internationally Recognized Certificate of Conformity for the protocol in 2020. ⁷¹⁵ However, it focuses on the national genetic resources rather than sharing of genetic data, therefore it is not considered as a publicly available plan or policy for sharing genetic data.The African Center for Disease Control and Prevention has not published any policies regarding sharing genetic data, clinical specimens, and/or isolated specimens (biological materials) that Gabon would be subject to as a member state. ⁷¹⁶ The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Gabonese Republic (2019) makes no mention of any plans or policy Gabon is subject to on sharing such information. ⁷¹⁷

5.6.1b Evidence of non-compliance with sample sharing element of PIP framework

Score: 100

There is no public evidence that the country has not shared samples in accordance with the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) framework in the past two years. The World Health Organization has not published anything with regards of any non-compliance of Gabon pertaining shared samples. ^{718 719 720}

5.6.1c Evidence of non-sharing of pandemic pathogen samples during an outbreak

Score: 100

There is no public evidence that the country has not shared pandemic pathogen samples during an outbreak in the past two years.

The African Center for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization have not published any information regarding Gabon refusing to share pandemic pathogen samples during an outbreak. ^{721 722} Similarly, no Gabonese or international news outlets have published anything regarding a refusal to share samples. ^{723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731}

6.1.1a Policy formation

Score: 25

6.1.1b Quality of bureaucracy

Score: 25

6.1.1c Excessive bureaucracy/red tape

Score: 0

6.1.1d Vested interests/cronyism

Score: 25

6.1.1e Corruption

Score: 27

6.1.1f Accountability of public officials

Score: 25

6.1.1g Human rights risk

Score: 50

6.1.2a Orderly transfers of power

Score: 25

6.1.3a Risk of social unrest

Score: 25

6.1.4a Risk of terrorism

Score: 100

6.1.4b Level of illicit arms flows within the country

Score: 50

6.1.4c Risk of organized criminal activity

Score: 50

6.1.5a Presence or risk of armed conflict

Score: 100

6.1.6a Government territorial control

Score: 100

6.1.7a International tensions

Score: 50

6.2.1a Adult literacy rate (15+ years old, both sexes)

Score: 94.2

6.2.2a UNDP Gender Inequality Index score

Score: 39.18

6.2.3a Poverty gap at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (%)

Score: 99.65

6.2.3b Share of employment in the informal sector

Score: 50

6.2.3c Coverage of social insurance programs (% of population)

Score: 0

6.2.4a Public confidence in government

Score: 0

6.2.5a Robust, open, diverse local media and reporting

Score: 0

6.2.6a Gini coefficient

Score: 62

6.3.1a Adequacy of road network

Score: 0

6.3.2a Adequacy of airports

Score: 25

6.3.3a Adequacy of power network

Score: 25

6.4.1a Urban population (% of total population)

Score: 0

6.4.2a Change in forest area (percentage points)

Score: 70.88

6.4.3a Natural disaster risk

Score: 50

6.5.1a Total life expectancy (years)

Score: 62.94

6.5.1b NCD mortality rate

Score: 80.03

6.5.1c Population aged 65+

Score: 81.55

6.5.1d Tobacco use (% of adults)

Score: 98.99

6.5.1e Level of adult obesity (%)

Score: 43.68

6.5.1f Age-standardised prevalence of mental health disorders (per 100 000 people)

Score: 52.61

6.5.2a Access to potable water

Score: 88.98

6.5.2b Access to at least basic sanitation facilities

Score: 56.94

6.5.2c Percentage of health-care facilities with no access to any electricity supply

Score: 0

6.5.3a Domestic general government health expenditure per capita (PPP)

Score: 25.47

6.5.4a Trust medical and health advice from the government

Score: 0

6.5.4b Trust medical and health advice from medical workers

Score: 50