Congo (Brazzaville): Score Justification Summary

2026

1.1 Antimicrobial resistance (AMR)

1.1.1 AMR surveillance, detection and reporting

1.1.1a National plan for AMR priority pathogens

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a national AMR plan for the surveillance, detection, and reporting of priority AMR pathogens.

There is no evidence of a Congolese national AMR plan on the World Health Organization's (WHO) library of AMR national action plans or the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) database. ¹ ²

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country has multisectoral focal points trained to develop the national AMR action plan, as well as a draft of a national AMR action plan, but there is a lack of a budgeted operation (p. 16). ³

There is no evidence that a plan has been published on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, or the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government. ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸

1.1.1b Capacity of national lab/lab system to test for AMR priority pathogens

Score: 50

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a national laboratory system which tests for all priority AMR pathogens. However, it can test for some priority pathogens.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country has insufficient laboratories capable of performing AMR testing in human and animal health (p. 16). ⁹

Nevertheless, there are six general hospitals capable of performing antibiotic resistance tests and report results, namely the Brazzaville University Hospital (CHU), HELBO d'Oyo, General Hospital of Loandjili, General Hospital of Dolisie, General Hospital Adolphe SICE, and General Hospital 31 July 1968 d'Owando (p. 26). ¹⁰ These hospitals can test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli, Klebsilia pneumoniae, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella spp, common pathogens, and viruses (p. 26). ¹¹

The National Public Health Laboratory (LNSP) is capable of conducting tests for Shigella spp, S. Typhi, and vibrio cholerae. ¹²

There is no further information on the Facebook profile of LNSP, or the official websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, or the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. ¹³ ¹⁴ ¹⁵ ¹⁶

1.1.1c National environmental surveillance for AMR residues/organisms

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo conducts environmental detection or surveillance activities (e.g., in soil, waterways) for antimicrobial residues or AMR organisms.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), there is insufficient laboratories capable of performing AMR testing in human and animal health (p. 16). ¹⁷ It adds that the country has codes on hygiene, water, and the environment, but there is no reference to environmental detection or surveillance activities for antimicrobial residues or AMR organisms (p. 15). ¹⁸

In addition, it reports that the Republic of Congo does not have formal coordination of zoonotic disease surveillance between the human health sector and other sectors, although a multisectoral consultation workshop on Ebola virus disease surveillance was held in October 2018 (p. 18). ¹⁹

The Environmental and Sustainable Management Law (Law No. 33-2023 of 17 November 2023) mentions the surveillance of chemical and radioactive waste, but there is no reference to environmental detection or surveillance activities related to AMR organisms. ²⁰

There is no further information on the Facebook profile of the National Public Health Laboratory (LNSP), or the official websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, or the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. ²¹ ²² ²³ ²⁴

1.1.2 Antimicrobial control

1.1.2a National law(s) requiring prescription for antibiotic use (humans)

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has national legislation in place requiring prescriptions for antibiotic use for humans.

Pursuant to Article 2 of Law No. 10-2010 of 30 July 2010, on the authorization of substituion and unpackaging of medications, the prescription of medicine shall be issued, whenever possible, both in pharmaceutical specialties and in international nonproprietary names. ²⁵ In accordance with Article 4, the pharmacist may not dispense a medication or product other than that prescribed or having an international common name different from that prescribed without the express and prior consent of the prescriber, except in cases of emergency and in the interest of the patient. ²⁶ However, it does not specifically mention antibiotics. ²⁷

Nevertheless, the misuse of antibiotics is a major concern in Congo, in which 18% of the population self-medicates with antibiotics, while 40% obtain street drugs. ²⁸ Additionally, Congo has "no provisions to regulate the use of antibiotics (…) no regulatory text that codifies the use of antibiotics (…) to the point that everything is sold freely without repression, whether in pharmacies or on the market, anywhere you can sell any antibiotic, including the most delicate to handle, there is no regulation, no repression". ²⁹

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019) also states prescription is "anarchic" and antibiotics are sold on the streets (p. 16). ³⁰

1.1.2b National law(s) requiring prescription for antibiotic use (animals)

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has national legislation or regulation in place requiring prescription for antibiotic use for animals.

According to the Sustainable Wildlife Management (SWM) Programme, "the legal framework for animal health is relatively underdeveloped, (…) there are no texts on veterinary medicine and pharmacy, so the conditions for accessing and practicing the veterinary profession are not defined, and the use of veterinary medicines is not regulated". ³⁶ Nevertheless, the prescription and use of veterinary medicine are regulated by Regulation No. 09/17-UEAC-CEBEVIRHA-CM-31 governing the health safety of animals, food, animal and fishery products in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) Zone, in which only veterinarians and pharmacists may hold and transfer veterinary medicinal products, whether free of charge of for a fee. ³⁷ However, such regulation is not a national legislation, and there is no evidence of its implementation. ³⁸ ³⁹ ⁴⁰

1.2 Zoonotic disease

1.2.1 National planning for zoonotic diseases/pathogens

1.2.1a Laws/plans on zoonotic disease

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has national legislation, plans, or equivalent strategy documents for zoonotic disease prioritization, detection and reporting.

According to the National Development Plan 2022-2026 (2022), there is a low operational capacity of the national epidemiological surveillance network (p. 9). ⁴⁶ It also includes a project to combat zoonotic diseases and improve epidemiological surveillance, but there is no detailed provisions or specific diseases. ⁴⁷

As per Article 1 of Decree No. 67-182 of 17 July 1967, the Republic of Congo has established priority diseases, such as rabies, rinderpest, pleuropneumonia, tuberculosis, anthrax, foot-and-mouth disease, plague, African horse sickness, sheep pox, scabies, Avian influenza, and pittacosis. ⁴⁸ Pursuant to Article 2, animal owners are mandated to report to the local administration in case of suspected or contaminated animals. ⁴⁹ However, there are no detailed provisions for active detection from the Government. ⁵⁰

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the Republic of Congo has response plans for Ebola, rabies, yellow fever and monkeypox (p. 19). ⁵¹ Nevertheless, there is not a zoonotic disease response strategy or plan in the animal and human health sectors, and the country lacks the capacity to respond effectively and rapidly to over 80% of zoonotic diseases (p. 20). ⁵²

1.2.1b Laws/plans on zoonotic disease spillover from animals to humans

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has national legislation, plans, or equivalent strategy document which includes measures for risk identification and reduction for zoonotic disease spillover events from animals to humans.

As per Article 1 of Decree No. 67-182 of 17 July 1967, the Republic of Congo has established priority diseases related to livestock, such as rabies, rinderpest, pleuropneumonia, tuberculosis, anthrax, foot-and-mouth disease, plague, African horse sickness, sheep pox, scabies, Avian influenza, and pittacosis. ⁵⁸ Pursuant to Article 2, animal owners are mandated to report to the local administration in case of suspected or contaminated animals, and the government must take measures to combat and eradicate the disease, including mandatory vaccination or specific treatment. ⁵⁹ However, there are no detailed provisions for risk identification and reduction of spillover events from animals to humans. ⁶⁰

According to the Sustainable Wildlife Management (SWM) Programme, the legal framework in the Republic of Congo leaves significant room for maneuver to the local administration to take all necessary measures, but only bovine tuberculosis has been subject to a ministerial decree to take measures in terms of treatment, elimination of infected animals or marketing. ⁶¹

In accordance with Article 3 of Decree No. 63-393 of 30 November 1963, which regulates the production and marketing of compound feed intended for livestock, non-food substances may be added to livestock feed, either to increase their yield or to provide them with preventive properties against certain diseases. ⁶² It includes antibiotics, growth accelerators, and feed-rate reducers, but there is no evidence that it focuses on reducing disease spillover from animals to humans. ⁶³

Furthermore, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019) states that the country has response plans for Ebola, rabies, yellow fever and monkeypox (p. 19). ⁶⁴ Nevertheless, there is not a zoonotic disease response strategy or plan in the animal and human health sectors, and the country lacks the capacity to respond effectively and rapidly to over 80% of zoonotic diseases (p. 20). ⁶⁵

1.2.1c Laws/plans for surveillance & control of multiple zoonotic pathogens

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has national legislation, plans, or guidelines that account for the surveillance and control of multiple zoonotic pathogens of public health concern.

As per Article 1 of Decree No. 67-182 of 17 July 1967, the Republic of Congo has established priority diseases related to livestock, such as rabies, rinderpest, pleuropneumonia, tuberculosis, anthrax, foot-and-mouth disease, plague, African horse sickness, sheep pox, scabies, Avian influenza, and pittacosis. ⁷¹ Pursuant to Article 2, animal owners are mandated to report to the local administration in case of suspected or contaminated animals, and the government must take measures to combat and eradicate the disease, including mandatory vaccination or specific treatment. ⁷² Article 4 sets out measures specifically for rabies, such their immediate slaughter by order of the public authority. ⁷³

Furthermore, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019) states that the country has response plans for Ebola, rabies, yellow fever and monkeypox (p. 19). ⁷⁵ Nevertheless, there is not a zoonotic disease response strategy or plan in the animal and human health sectors, and the country lacks the capacity to respond effectively and rapidly to over 80% of zoonotic diseases (p. 20). ⁷⁶

1.2.1d Cross-ministerial department/agency/unit for zoonotic disease

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has an agency functioning as a multi-sectoral co-ordinating mechanism dedicated to zoonotic disease that functions across ministries.

According to the Sustainable Wildlife Management (SWM) Programme, the National Center for Epizootic Disease Control (CNCE) is responsible for monitoring the list of priority diseases in livestock set out by Decree No. 67-182 of 17 July 1967, such as rabies, rinderpest, foot-and-mouth disease, Avian influenza, and others. ⁸¹ ⁸² However, it also states that there are occasional collaborations between different ministries to manage zoonotic epidemics, but there are no bodies enabling general and systematic cooperation between animal health and public health. ⁸³

Pursuant to Article 2 of Order No. 9191 of 22 November 2010 of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the CNCE is a body that contributes to the development of the animal production through the creation of a framework for ensuring the health security of livestock farms. ⁸⁴ It is also responsible for the establishment of a national zoonotic disease epidemiological surveillance network and ensuring its operation and combating diseases with high epizootic potential. ⁸⁵

The president of the CNCE is the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries, and it is comprised of a representative of the Ministry of Planning and Foresight, the Ministry of Finances, Budget and Public Portfolio, the General Inspectorate of Technical Services, the General Directorate of Livestock, the Peasant Organizations, and the Heads of Services of the CNCE, as per Article 5. ⁸⁶ However, there is no participation of human health or environmental sector. ⁸⁷

However, the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019) identifies that the CNCE has a low rate of data promptness with less than 40% (p. 30). ⁸⁸ It also notes the lack of a National Multisectoral Committee for Zoonotic Surveillance and an official multisectoral policy for collaboration on zoonoses. ⁸⁹

1.2.1e Presence of One Health strategic plan

Score: 0

While there is no standalone One Health strategic plan for Congo, the Ministry of Health formally endorsed the National Strategic Plan for Infection Prevention and Control 2026-2030 (PSN-PCI). ⁹⁰⁹¹ The new roadmap is structured to harmonise all existing infection-control initiatives, from hospital wards to community health posts, into one coherent architecture. The plan follows One Health principles, looking at multisectoral partnerships and a robust accountability grid to position the country to curtail hospital-acquired infections and mitigate the societal shocks of future epidemics.

1.2.2 Surveillance systems for zoonotic diseases/pathogens

1.2.2a Surveillance/reporting mechanism for zoonotic disease for livestock owners

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a national mechanism (either voluntary or mandatory) for owners of livestock to conduct and report on disease surveillance to a central government agency.

As per Article 1 of Decree No. 67-182 of 17 July 1967, the Republic of Congo has established priority diseases related to livestock, such as rabies, rinderpest, pleuropneumonia, tuberculosis, anthrax, foot-and-mouth disease, plague, African horse sickness, sheep pox, scabies, Avian influenza, and pittacosis. ⁹² Pursuant to Article 2, animal owners are mandated to report to the local administration in case of suspected or contaminated animals, and the local government must take measures to combat and eradicate the disease, including mandatory vaccination or specific treatment. ⁹³ However, there is no specific detail on which mechanism is used for reporting, and it its not reported to a central government agency, but rather the local administration. ⁹⁴

According to the Sustainable Wildlife Management (SWM) Programme, every individual who is aware of or suspect the presence of a notifiable disease is mandated to immediately inform either the town hall or the prefecture/sub-prefecture/administrative control post. ⁹⁵ There is no reference to the mechanism utilized or a central government agency. ⁹⁶

1.2.2b Laws/regulations on data confidentiality to protect livestock owners

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has legislation that safeguards the confidentiality of information generated through surveillance activities for animal owners.

In accordance with Article 14 of he Personal Data Protection Law (Law No. 29-2019 of 10 October 2019), the collection and processing of personal data revealing genetic data or more generally data relating to the health of the person concerned is prohibited. ⁹⁷ Article 17 states that the processing of personal health data is only permitted if the subject has given their consent, or whether it is necessary to promote and protect public health. ⁹⁸ However, there is no specific mention of data generated through surveillance activities for animal owners. ⁹⁹

1.2.2c Wildlife zoonotic disease surveillance

Score: 100

The Republic of Congo conducts surveillance of zoonotic disease in wildlife, poultry and livestock.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country has a public health and animal health surveillance system, including livestock, poultry, and wildlife (p. 19). ¹⁰⁵ The National Center for Epizootic Disease Control (CNCE) is the main body responsible for animal surveillance. ¹⁰⁶

In addition, the Ministry of Health and Population has partnered with the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) to conduct community-based wildlife disease surveillance programs that samples wildlife carcasses of gorillas and chimpanzees. ¹⁰⁷ The surveillance network, launched in 2006, is comprised of hunter-gathers, park rangers, and WCS-affiliated project personnel who report great ape and mammal carcasses they encounter to a trained response team, which visits villages and delivers verbal presentations on the basics of Ebola virus transmission. ¹⁰⁸

1.2.3 International reporting of animal disease outbreaks

1.2.3a Annual reporting to OIE on zoonotic disease incidence

Score: 100

The Republic of Congo has a publicly avaialble evidence of a mechanism for reporting notifiable diseases to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH).

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the notification of zoonotic diseases to the WOAH is carried out by the WOAH focal point for health information and the Director of Animal Health within the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries (p. 32). ¹⁰⁹ From 2014 to 2019, the WOAH focal point reported to the WOAH, via the World Animal Health Information System (WAHIS), of outbreaks of bovine tuberculosis, cysticercosis, wild rabies, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, PPR, and African Swine Fever (p. 33). ¹¹⁰

1.2.4 Animal health workforce

1.2.4a Number of veterinarians per 100,000 people

Score: 1.29

1.2.4b Number of veterinary para-professionals per 100,000 people

Score: 0

1.2.5 Private sector and zoonotic disease

1.2.5a Inclusion of private sector in national plan/law on zoonotic disease

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has national legislation, plans, or equivalent strategy documents for zoonotic diseases. There is no evidence of mechanisms for working with the private sector in controlling or responding to zoonoses.

According to the National Development Plan 2022-2026 (2022), there is a low operational capacity of the national epidemiological surveillance network (p. 9). ¹¹¹ It also includes a project to combat zoonotic diseases and improve epidemiological surveillance, but there is no detailed provisions or specific diseases. ¹¹² However, there is no reference to the private sector. ¹¹³

As per Article 1 of Decree No. 67-182 of 17 July 1967, the Republic of Congo has established priority diseases, such as rabies, rinderpest, pleuropneumonia, tuberculosis, anthrax, foot-and-mouth disease, plague, African horse sickness, sheep pox, scabies, Avian influenza, and pittacosis. ¹¹⁴ Pursuant to Article 2, animal owners are mandated to report to the local administration in case of suspected or contaminated animals. ¹¹⁵ However, there are no specific mechanisms for working with the private sector in controlling or responding to zoonoses rather than the mandatory notification system. ¹¹⁶

According to the Sustainable Wildlife Management (SWM) Programme, the National Center for Epizootic Disease Control (CNCE) is responsible for monitoring the list of priority diseases in livestock set out by Decree No. 67-182 of 17 July 1967, such as rabies, rinderpest, foot-and-mouth disease, Avian influenza, and others. ¹¹⁷ ¹¹⁸ However, it also states that there are occasional collaborations between different ministries to manage zoonotic epidemics, but there are no bodies enabling general and systematic cooperation between animal health and public health. ¹¹⁹

Pursuant to Article 2 of Order No. 9191 of 22 November 2010 of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the CNCE is a body that contributes to the development of the animal production through the creation of a framework for ensuring the health security of livestock farms. ¹²⁰ It is also responsible for the establishment of a national zoonotic disease epidemiological surveillance network and ensuring its operation and combating diseases with high epizootic potential. ¹²¹

The president of the CNCE is the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries, and it is comprised of a representative of the Ministry of Planning and Foresight, the Ministry of Finances, Budget and Public Portfolio, the General Inspectorate of Technical Services, the General Directorate of Livestock, the Peasant Organizations, and the Heads of Services of the CNCE, as per Article 5. ¹²² However, there is no participation of the private sector. ¹²³

There is no evidence of such legislation on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, or the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government. ¹²⁴ ¹²⁵ ¹²⁶ ¹²⁷ ¹²⁸ There is no evidence on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019) either. ¹²⁹

1.3 Biosecurity

1.3.1 Whole-of-government biosecurity systems

1.3.1a Updated national records of especially dangerous pathogen/toxin inventories

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has in place a record, updated within the past five years, of the facilities in which especially dangerous pathogens and toxins are stored or processed, including details on inventories and inventory management systems of those facilities.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country does not have an active pathogen surveillance through the maintenance of an up-to-date pathogen registry and inventory within facilities that store or handle dangerous pathogens and toxins (p. 23). ¹³⁰

There is no evidence of such record on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, or the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government. ¹³¹ ¹³² ¹³³ ¹³⁴ ¹³⁵ There is no evidence of such record on the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database either. ¹³⁶

1.3.1b Biosecurity laws on facility security for especially dangerous pathogens

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has in place legislation or regulations related to biosecurity which address requirements such as physical containment, operation practices, failure reporting systems, and cybersecurity of facilities in which especially dangerous pathogens and toxins are stored or processed.

Pursuant to Articles 39 and 41 of the Environmental Protection Law (Law No. 003/91 of 23 April 1991), factories, warehouses, manufacturing plants, workshops, depots, construction sites, quarries, and, in general, facilities that may pose risks or disadvantages to public health, safety, or sanitation, and that are considered dangerous or polluting, may only be authorized if preventive measures are implemented to address such hazards. ¹³⁷ Applications for authorization must include a file specifying the nature, quantity, and toxicity of the facility's residues, the planned treatment or disposal method, an environmental impact study, and, in some cases, a hazard assessment. ¹³⁸ Nevertheless, the law does not explicitly require measures tailored to facilities where especially dangerous pathogens and toxins are stored or processed. ¹³⁹

In addition, the General Environmental Directorate is responsible for conducting inspections of those installations, as per Article 8 of Decree No. 2013-186 of 10 May 2013. ¹⁴⁰ However, there is no reference that such inspections check for the requirements, such as physical containment, operation practices, failure reporting systems, and cybersecurity of facilities in which especially dangerous pathogens and toxins are stored or processed. ¹⁴¹

The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database does not reference to such requirements. ¹⁴²

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country has an inadequate legal framework for biological safety and security, and there is a lack of supervision and regular inspection of laboratories in all sectors (pp. 22-23). ¹⁴³

1.3.1c Agency for enforcement of biosecurity laws/regulations

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has an established agency responsible for the enforcement of biosecurity legislation and regulations.

The General Environmental Directorate is responsible for conducting inspections of facilitates that are considered dangerous or polluting, as per Article 8 of Decree No. 2013-186 of 10 May 2013. ¹⁴⁵ However, there is reference that it is responsible for the enforcement of biosecurity legislation and regulations in general. ¹⁴⁶

Additionally, the General Health Inspectorate, in accordance with Article 10 of Decree No. 2018-269 of 2 July 2018, is responsible for ensuring compliance with good practice in, among other areas, the import, export and distribution of health and personal hygiene products, as well as medical biology analysis reagents. ¹⁴⁷ However, there is no evidence that it is responsible for the enforcement of biosecurity legislation and regulations. ¹⁴⁸

The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database does not mention an established agency or agencies responsible for the enforcement of biosecurity legislation and regulations. ¹⁴⁹ It refers to the General Environmental Directorate and the General Health Inspectorate, but with specific remits. ¹⁵⁰

1.3.1d Consolidation of especially dangerous pathogens into minimum # of facilities

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has taken action to consolidate its inventories of especially dangerous pathogens and toxins into a minimum number of facilities.

There is no evidence of such actions on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, or the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government. ¹⁵² ¹⁵³ ¹⁵⁴ ¹⁵⁵ ¹⁵⁶ There is no evidence of such record on the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database either. ¹⁵⁷

1.3.1e Capacity to conduct tests for anthrax/Ebola without culturing live pathogens

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has in-country capacity to conduct Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic testing for Ebola or anthrax, which would preclude culturing a live pathogen.

According to a World Health Organization (WHO) study titled "Regional Ebola Preparedness Overview of Needs and Requirements" (2019), the Republic of Congo PCR capacity was under development (p. 28). ¹⁵⁸

A 2021 study titled "Development and validation of portable, field-deployable Ebola virus point-of-encounter diagnostic assay for wildlife surveillance" stated that scientists developed a cold-chain independent Ebola virus RT-PCR test, which was being incorporated into wildlife carcass surveillance in the Republic of Congo and was being adapted for other infectious disease agents. ¹⁵⁹ However, there is no reference as to whether these tests were part of an in-country capacity or brought in from the participating non-governmental organizations (NGOs). ¹⁶⁰

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019) does not mention in-country capacity to conduct PCR-based diagnostic testing for Ebola or anthrax. ¹⁶¹

There is no evidence of such capacity on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, or the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. ¹⁶² ¹⁶³ ¹⁶⁴ There is no evidence of such record on the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database either. ¹⁶⁵

1.3.2 Biosecurity training and practices

1.3.2a Biosecurity training using a standardised, required approach

Score: 33.33

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo requires biosecurity training, using a standardized, required approach, such as through a common curriculum or a train-the-trainer program, for personnel working in facilities housing or working with especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, or biological materials with pandemic potential. However, there is evidence of ad hoc training.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), there are ad hoc training sessions conducted as part of the implementation of certain projects, including ongoing academic programmes, particularly for personnel responsible for storing or handling dangerous pathogens and toxins (p. 23). ¹⁶⁶ Nonetheless, the country lacks a comprehensive staff training plan for biosafety and biosecurity across all facilities that house or handle such high-risk materials (p. 23). ¹⁶⁷

According to a WHO study titled "Regional Ebola Preparedness Overview of Needs and Requirements" (2019), the Republic of Congo has trained personnel for sample collection and transportation (p. 28). ¹⁶⁸

In addition, the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH), through the Fortifying Institutional Resilience Against Biological Threats (FIRABioT) project, has supported the Republic of Congo by implementing train-the-trainer programmes. In May 2025, five Congolese laboratory professionals participated in training at the National Laboratory for Livestock and Veterinary Research (LNERV) in Dakar, Senegal, focused on advanced diagnostic techniques for the safe and effective detection of high-consequence pathogens. From June to July 2025, another session was organised at the National Public Health Laboratory (LNSP) in Brazzaville, which concentrated on laboratory biosafety and biosecurity. This programme equipped participants with essential skills for managing biological risks and provided technical training on two high-consequence animal diseases: Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia and Rift Valley Fever. ¹⁶⁹

There is no evidence of such program on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, or the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. ¹⁷⁰ ¹⁷¹ ¹⁷² There is no evidence of such record on the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database either. ¹⁷³

1.3.3 Personnel vetting: regulating access to sensitive locations

1.3.3a Personnel checks for permission to access to especially dangerous pathogens

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has regulations or licensing conditions that specify that security and other personnel with access to especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, or biological materials with pandemic potential are subject to the following checks: drug testing, background checks, and psychological or mental fitness checks.

There is no reference to licensing conditions for security and other personnel with access to especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, or biological materials on the Environmental Protection Law (Law No. 003/91 of 23 April 1991) or Decree No. 2013-186 of 10 May 2013, on the organization and remit of the General Environmental Directorate. ¹⁷⁴ ¹⁷⁵

The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database does not reference to such requirements. ¹⁷⁶

1.3.4 Transportation security

1.3.4a National transport regulations for Category A and B infectious substances

Score: 0

There is no publicly available evidence that the Republic of Congo has information on national regulations on the safe and secure transport of infectious substances (specifically including Categories A and B).

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country does not have national regulations regarding the safety and security of pathogen transport (p. 23). ¹⁸³ Nevertheless, according to a WHO study titled "Regional Ebola Preparedness Overview of Needs and Requirements" (2019), the Republic of Congo has trained personnel for sample collection and transportation (p. 28). ¹⁸⁴

There is no evidence of such regulations on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government, or the Ministry of Transportation, Civil Aviation and Merchant Marine. ¹⁸⁵ ¹⁸⁶ ¹⁸⁷ ¹⁸⁸ ¹⁸⁹ ¹⁹⁰ There is no evidence of such record on the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database either. ¹⁹¹

1.3.5 Cross-border transfer and end-user screening

1.3.5a Laws/regulations on cross-border transfer and end-user screening

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has legislation or regulations in place to oversee the cross-border transfer and end-user screening of especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, and pathogens with pandemic potential.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country does not have national regulations regarding the safety and security of pathogen transport (p. 23). ¹⁹² Although the country has standard operating procedures (SOPs) for the detection and response of Ebola at the points of entry, it does not have hygiene inspection programs, transportation, and vector and reservoir control (p. 51). ¹⁹³

Nevertheless, according to a WHO study titled "Regional Ebola Preparedness Overview of Needs and Requirements" (2019), the Republic of Congo has trained personnel for sample collection and transportation and conducts screening at high-risk points of entry (p. 28). ¹⁹⁴ However, there are no details as to whether it includes cross-border transfer and end-user screening of especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, and pathogens with pandemic potential. ¹⁹⁵

There is no evidence of such legislation or regulations on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government, the Ministry of Transportation, Civil Aviation and Merchant Marine, the Ministry of the Interior, Security, Decentralization and Customary Affairs. ¹⁹⁶ ¹⁹⁷ ¹⁹⁸ ¹⁹⁹ ²⁰⁰ ²⁰¹ ²⁰² There is no evidence of such record on the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database either. ²⁰³

1.4 Biosafety

1.4.1 Whole-of-government biosafety systems

1.4.1a Biosafety laws/regulations

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has in place national biosafety legislation or regulations.

Pursuant to Articles 39 and 41 of the Environmental Protection Law (Law No. 003/91 of 23 April 1991), factories, warehouses, manufacturing plants, workshops, depots, construction sites, quarries, and, in general, facilities that may pose risks or disadvantages to public health, safety, or sanitation, and that are considered dangerous or polluting, may only be authorized if preventive measures are implemented to address such hazards. ²⁰⁵ Applications for authorization must include a file specifying the nature, quantity, and toxicity of the facility's residues, the planned treatment or disposal method, an environmental impact study, and, in some cases, a hazard assessment. ²⁰⁶ In addition, the General Environmental Directorate is responsible for conducting inspections of those installations, as per Article 8 of Decree No. 2013-186 of 10 May 2013. ²⁰⁷

The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database does not mention further legislation or regulations. ²⁰⁸

1.4.1b Agency for enforcement of biosafety laws/regulations

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has an established agency responsible for the enforcement of biosafety legislation and regulations.

The General Environmental Directorate is responsible for conducting inspections of facilitates that are considered dangerous or polluting, as per Article 8 of Decree No. 2013-186 of 10 May 2013. ²¹⁶ However, there is reference that it is responsible for the enforcement of biosafety legislation and regulations in general. ²¹⁷

Additionally, the General Health Inspectorate, in accordance with Article 10 of Decree No. 2018-269 of 2 July 2018, is responsible for ensuring compliance with good practice in, among other areas, the import, export and distribution of health and personal hygiene products, as well as medical biology analysis reagents. ²¹⁸ However, there is no evidence that it is responsible for the enforcement of biosafety legislation and regulations. ²¹⁹

The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database does not mention an established agency or agencies responsible for the enforcement of biosafety legislation and regulations. ²²⁰ It refers to the General Environmental Directorate and the General Health Inspectorate, but with specific remits. ²²¹

1.4.2 Biosafety training and practices

1.4.2a Biosafety training using a standardised, required approach

Score: 33.33

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo requires biosafety training, using a standardized, required approach, such as through a common curriculum or a train-the-trainer program, for personnel working in facilities housing or working with especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, or biological materials with pandemic potential. However, there is evidence of ad hoc training.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), there are ad hoc training sessions conducted as part of the implementation of certain projects, including ongoing academic programmes, particularly for personnel responsible for storing or handling dangerous pathogens and toxins (p. 23). ²²² Nonetheless, the country lacks a comprehensive staff training plan for biosafety and biosecurity across all facilities that house or handle such high-risk materials (p. 23). ²²³

There is no evidence of such program on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, or the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. ²²⁶ ²²⁷ ²²⁸ There is no evidence of such record on the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database either. ²²⁹

1.5 Dual-use research and culture of responsible science

1.5.1 Oversight of dual-use research

1.5.1a Evidence of national assessment of dual-use research

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has conducted an assessment to determine whether ongoing research is occurring on especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, pathogens with pandemic potential or other dual-use research.

There is no evidence of such assessment on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, or the Ministry of Higher Education. ²³⁰ ²³¹ ²³² ²³³ There is no evidence of such record on the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database either. ²³⁴

The Congolese Foundation for Medical Research (FCRM) has research projects in immunology and molecular epidemiology of parasitic infections focused on malaria, genomics and anitmicrobial resistance of bacteria and viruses focused on Ebola, monkeypox, and SARS-CoV-2, and medicine, social sciences and culture in Africa. ²³⁵ ²³⁶ ²³⁷ However, there is no evidence of a governmental assessment to determine whether this research is occurring. ²³⁸

1.5.1b National law/regulation on oversight of dual-use research

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has legislation or regulation requiring oversight of research with especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, pathogens with pandemic potential or other dual-use research.

There is no evidence of such legislation on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government, or the Ministry of Higher Education. ²⁴⁰ ²⁴¹ ²⁴² ²⁴³ ²⁴⁴ ²⁴⁵ The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database does not mention further legislation or regulations. ²⁴⁶

According to the African Union Development Agency (AUDA-NEPAD), the Republic of Congo does not have a policy to promote research in the health and pharmaceutical sector, and "various bottlenecks hinder research from being done". ²⁴⁷ In addition, the government "had not put in place monitoring and evaluation mechanisms in pharmacy and medical biology". ²⁴⁸

1.5.1c Existence of agency responsible for oversight of dual-use research

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has an agency responsible for oversight of research with especially dangerous pathogens, toxins, pathogens with pandemic potential or other dual-use research.

There is no evidence of such agency on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government, or the Ministry of Higher Education. ²⁴⁹ ²⁵⁰ ²⁵¹ ²⁵² ²⁵³ ²⁵⁴ The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database does not mention further legislation or regulations. ²⁵⁵

According to the African Union Development Agency (AUDA-NEPAD), the Republic of Congo does not have a policy to promote research in the health and pharmaceutical sector, and "various bottlenecks hinder research from being done". ²⁵⁶ In addition, the government "had not put in place monitoring and evaluation mechanisms in pharmacy and medical biology". ²⁵⁷

1.5.2 Screening requirements for providers of genetic material

1.5.2a Requirement to screen synthesised DNA against list prior to sale

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has legislation or regulations requiring the screening of synthesized DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) against lists of known pathogens and toxins before it is sold.

There is no evidence of such requirements on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government, or the Ministry of Higher Education. ²⁵⁸ ²⁵⁹ ²⁶⁰ ²⁶¹ ²⁶² ²⁶³ The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database does not mention further legislation or regulations. ²⁶⁴

1.6 Immunization

1.6.1 Vaccination rates

1.6.1a Immunization rate for humans (measles/MCV2)

Score: 0

1.6.1b Availability of vaccination figures for livestock (FMD) through OIE database

Score: 0

Official foot-and-mouth (FMD) vaccination figures for livestock in the Republic of Congo are not publicly available through the OIE database.

The Republic of Congo reports on the control measures related to ante and post-mortem inspections, general surveillance, disease notification, and precautions at the borders related to foot-and-mouth in cattle, goats, sheep, mixed herd of goats and sheep, swing, buffaloes, and camelidae. ²⁶⁵ The latest available data refers to the second semestre of 2022. ²⁶⁶

1.6.1c Equitablenature of national immunization strategy/plan

Score: 100

The Republic of Congo has a national immunization plan, which includes measures to ensure equitable distribution, as well as strategies specifically aimed at overcoming socioeconomic inequalities.

In December 2023, the Republic of Congo launched the Plan of Performance Improvement of the Expanded Immunization Programme (EPI) 2024-2025. ²⁶⁷ The Republic of Congo has implemented the EPI since 1981, in which it routinely offers immunization against tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio, measles, rubella, yellow fever, rotavirus diarrhea, viral hepatitis B, aemophilus influenzae type b infections, and pneumococcal disease (p. 12). ²⁶⁸ The coordination of vaccination activities is carried out by the Inter-Agency Coordination Committee, created in 2001 (p. 14). ²⁶⁹

It presents measures to (i) improve vaccine availability at all levels through advocating with the General Directorate of Population (DGPOP) to secure vaccine procurement, ordering sufficient quantities of vaccines on time, and strengthening the capacity of EPI stakeholders in effective vaccine management, (ii) advocate to mobilize domestic financial resources for the purchase of sampling kits and equipment to be distributed to health districts, (iii) bring vaccination closer to hard-to-reach populations by combating socio-cultural barriers, and (iv) improve vaccination equity by increasing the proportion of fully vaccinated children by establishing a system for identifying or catching up with never-vaccinated, zero-dose, and under-vaccinated children, among others. (pp. 22-24). ²⁷⁰

1.6.1d Vaccine hesitancy and build public trust coverage in vaccines in national immunization strategy/plans

Score: 100

The national immunization strategy in the Republic of Congo includes measures to address vaccine hesitancy and build public trust in vaccines.

In December 2023, the Republic of Congo launched the Plan of Performance Improvement of the Expanded Immunization Programme (EPI) 2024-2025. ²⁷¹ The Republic of Congo has implemented the EPI since 1981, in which it routinely offers immunization against tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio, measles, rubella, yellow fever, rotavirus diarrhea, viral hepatitis B, aemophilus influenzae type b infections, and pneumococcal disease (p. 12). ²⁷² The coordination of vaccination activities is carried out by the Inter-Agency Coordination Committee, created in 2001 (p. 14). ²⁷³

The plan presents several measures to improve community knowledge about vaccination through behaviour change communication, such as the use of local media, strengthening interaction with community participation bodies, and bringing vaccination closer to hard-to-reach populations. It also focuses on addressing socio-cultural barriers, vaccine hesitancy, rumours, and misinformation through community awareness-raising, social mobilisation, digital communication, and the development of an EPI communication plan. Additional actions include producing communication materials to support behaviour change, strengthening communication during vaccination sessions through educational talks and interpersonal communication, and improving the organisation of vaccination sessions by enhancing reception arrangements and reducing waiting times. Furthermore, the plan seeks to improve the vaccine supply chain, ensure the availability of consumables, and guarantee that direct vaccination costs remain effectively free (pp. 22-23). ²⁷⁴

1.6.1e National advisory group for immunization strategy/plan

Score: 100

The Republic of Congo has a national advisory group that provides technical guidance and advice on the immunization strategy.

The Republic of Congo has established a National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) in 2022. ²⁷⁵ However, the NITAG does not have formal written terms of reference or legislative or administrative basis, even though it is represented by at least five areas of expertise represented in the core membership. ²⁷⁶

The Technical Advisory Group for Vaccination (GTCV) guides the Inter-Agency Coordination Committee actions on various aspectors for vaccination, including the introduction of new vaccines (p. 14). ²⁷⁷ However, the GTCV does not have a decree that established its creation (p. 21). ²⁷⁸

1.6.1f Presence of an immunization programme for influenza

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has an immunization programme for influenza.

In December 2023, the Republic of Congo launched the Plan of Performance Improvement of the Expanded Immunization Programme (EPI) 2024-2025. ²⁷⁹ The Republic of Congo has implemented the EPI since 1981, in which it routinely offers immunization against tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio, measles, rubella, yellow fever, rotavirus diarrhea, viral hepatitis B, aemophilus influenzae type b infections, and pneumococcal disease (p. 12). ²⁸⁰ There is no reference to influenza. ²⁸¹

1.7 Climate change adaptation and vector transmission

1.7.1 Health system resilience

1.7.1a Strategy/plan for resilience of health system

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a strategy or a plan to develop a health system that is resilient to the challenges that climate change and changing seasonal weather patterns pose, that includes the threat of infectious diseases.

There is no evidence of a climate change plan on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government, or the Ministry of Higher Education. ²⁸² ²⁸³ ²⁸⁴ ²⁸⁵ ²⁸⁶ ²⁸⁷

The National Development Plan 2022-2026 (2022) and the National Health Policy 2018-2030 (2018) do not include provisions to develop a health system that is resilient to the challenges that climate change and changing seasonal weather patterns pose, that includes the threat of infectious diseases. ²⁸⁸ ²⁸⁹ The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (2024) does not mention such goals either. ²⁹⁰

Early Detection

2.1 Laboratory systems strength and quality

2.1.1 Lab capacity for detecting priority diseases

2.1.1a Capacity of national lab system to conduct 5 or more WHO core tests

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the national laboratory system of the Republic of Congo has the capacity to conduct diagnostic tests for at least 5 of the 10 WHO-defined core tests.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country has the capacity of conducting diagnostic methods without prior cultivation of dangerous pathogens (p. 23). ²⁹¹ It can conduct the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) at the Veterinary Diagnostics Laboratory of Brazzaville (LDVB) (p. 28). ²⁹² However, there is a lack of mechanism to improve the availability of point-of-care diagnostic tests in medical center across the country (p. 28). ²⁹³

It further adds that although the country has a list of priority diseases, namely polio, cholera, measles, rabies, yellow fever, meningitis, Chikungunya, tetanus, shigellosis, EVD, monkeypox, influenza, and Avian influenza, which are subject to diagnostic testing (p. 27). ²⁹⁴ However, only the cholera diagnostic test is performed by the network of multi-level laboratories. ²⁹⁵

There is no further information on the website of the National Public Health Laboratory (LNSP), the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, or the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. ²⁹⁶ ²⁹⁷ ²⁹⁸ ²⁹⁹

2.1.1b Plan to conduct testing during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a national plan, strategy or similar document for conducting testing during a public health emergency, which includes considerations for testing for novel pathogens, scaling capacity, and defining goals for testing.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the Republic of Congo does not have contingency plans for risks identified as priorities, with multisectoral measures and standard operating procedures, or multi-hazard and multisectoral emergency response plans that integrate hazards covered by the IHR, including those that could potentially cause a public health emergency of international concern (p. 38). ³⁰⁰

The National Strategy of Prevention and Risk Reduction of Emergencies (SNPRRC) 2016-2023 (2017) acknowledges the country is affected by several epidemics, such as Ebola, cholera, measles, polio, and yellow fever. ³⁰¹ However, there is no reference to specific measures for conducting testing during a public health emergency, which includes considerations for testing for novel pathogens, scaling capacity, and defining goals for testing. ³⁰² In addition, SNPRRC is outdated. ³⁰³

The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (PNDS) (2024) includes a program to strengthen health security, management of epidemics and other emergency situations in the health sector, which includes initiatives to increase preparedness for epidemics and prevent health emergencies (p. 115). ³⁰⁴ However, there is no evidence that it includes considerations for testing for novel pathogens, scaling capacity, and defining goals for testing. ³⁰⁵

There is no evidence of such document on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government. ³⁰⁶ ³⁰⁷ ³⁰⁸ ³⁰⁹ ³¹⁰

2.1.2 Laboratory quality systems

2.1.2a Existence of an accredited national lab serving as a reference facility

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a national laboratory that serves as a reference facility which is accredited.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the National Public Health Laboratory (LNSP) is designated as the reference laboratory for all diseases under surveillance, including HIV, but it is not accredited (p. 26). ³¹¹

There is no further information on the Facebook profile of the National Public Health Laboratory (LNSP), or the official websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, or the Ministry of Higher Education. ³¹² ³¹³ ³¹⁴ ³¹⁵ ³¹⁶

2.1.2b External quality assurance of a national lab serving as a reference facility

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a national laboratory that serves as a reference facility which is subject to external quality assurance review.

In 2024, the Ministry of Health and Population enacted Decree No. 2024-186 of 18 April 2024, which established the creaton, responsibilities, organization and operation of the national network of laboratories in the Republic of Congo. ³¹⁹ Pursuant to Article 8, national-level laboratories are responsible for organizing internal and external quality control, as well as participating in external quality assessments. ³²⁰

However, there is no information on their participation in external quality assurance review on the official Facebook page of the National Public Health Laboratory (LNSP), or the official websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, or the Ministry of Higher Education. ³²¹ ³²² ³²³ ³²⁴ ³²⁵

2.2 Laboratory supply chains

2.2.1 Specimen referral and transport system

2.2.1a Nationwide specimen transport system

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a nationwide specimen transport system.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country does not have a sample transport and transfer system or a legal framework to regulate the transport and transfer of biological samples (p. 27). ³²⁶ However, there is a pool of agents trained in infectious sample transport techniques at the National Public Health Laboratory (LNSP) and the country participates in the Central Africa Integrated Surveillance and Laboratory Network (RISLNET) (p. 27). ³²⁷

There is no evidence of such transport system on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the Ministry of Transportation, Civil Aviation and Merchant Marine. ³²⁹ ³³⁰ ³³¹ ³³²

2.2.2 Laboratory cooperation and coordination

2.2.2a Plan to rapidly authorize/license laboratories to scale-up testing during an outbreak

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a plan in place to rapidly authorize or license laboratories to supplement the capacity of the national public health laboratory system to scale-up testing during an outbreak.

The National Strategy of Prevention and Risk Reduction of Emergencies (SNPRRC) 2016-2023 (2017) acknowledges the country is affected by several epidemics, such as Ebola, cholera, measles, polio, and yellow fever. ³³⁴ However, there is no reference to specific measures for conducting testing during a public health emergency, which includes considerations for testing for novel pathogens, scaling capacity, and defining goals for testing. ³³⁵ In addition, SNPRRC is outdated. ³³⁶

There is no mention of such measures on the National Development Plan 2022-2026 (2022) or the National Health Policy 2018-2030 (2018). ³³⁷ ³³⁸ The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (PNDS) (2024) does not include provisions to rapidly authorize or license laboratories to supplement the capacity of the national public health laboratory system to scale-up testing during an outbreak either. ³³⁹

2.3 Real-time surveillance and reporting

2.3.1 Indicator and event-based surveillance and reporting systems

2.3.1a Evidence of ongoing event-based and indicator-based surveillance and analysis

Score: 50

The Republic of Congo is conducting ongoing event-based and indicator-based surveillance and analysis for notifiable and novel infectious diseases. Nevertheless, there is no evidence that the data are being analyzed on a daily basis.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the Republic of Congo has two event-based surveillance systems, for human and animal health, and also conducts indicator-based surveillance, which includes mechanisms for data collection (p. 30). ³⁴⁵

In addition, the Ministry of Health and Population publishes a weekly surveillance bulletin on diseases with epidemic potential, such as monkeypox, which includes data on the number of cases, their location and mortality status. ³⁴⁶

There is no evidence that the data is analysed on a daily basis on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, or the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. ³⁴⁷ ³⁴⁸ ³⁴⁹

2.3.1b Evidence of a mechanism (such as IHR focal point) for reporting notifiable diseases to the WHO within the set timeline

Score: 100

The Republic of Congo has a mechanism, such as IHR focal point, for reporting notifiable diseases to the World Health Organization (WHO) within the set timeline.

According to the WHO's Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the Republic of Congo has a National IHR Focal Point established by a memorandum from the Minister of Health and Population, whose key members have mechanisms to communicate collaboratively internally and externally with international experts for effective reporting (p. 13). ³⁵⁰

2.3.2 Interoperable, interconnected, electronic real-time reporting systems

2.3.2a Electronic national and sub-national reporting surveillance system

Score: 0

The Republic of Congo operates an electronic reporting surveillance system at the national level. However, there is no evidence that it it widely available at the sub-national level.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country has implemented national IT tools that enable elctronic reporting of surveillance data (p. 29). ³⁵¹ However, there are some shortcomings related to the surveillance system, such as the lack of an electronic reporting system for animal health and the limited capacity of the National Public Health Laboratory (LNSP) and other reference laboratories (p. 29). ³⁵²

The country has an Early Warning, Alert and Response System (EWARS) using internet-connected Android phones for human health in four departments, and the system is effective to national and intermediate regional stakeholders (p. 30). ³⁵³ However, there is a lack of electronic reporting at the national level, and lack of interconnected and interoperable elctronic reporting (p. 30). ³⁵⁴

There is no evidence of such system on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, or the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. ³⁵⁵ ³⁵⁶ ³⁵⁷

2.3.2b Collection of ongoing/real-time lab data by electronic surveillance system

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the electronic reporting surveillance system in the Republic of Congo collects ongoing or real-time laboratory data.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country has implemented national IT tools that enable electronic reporting of surveillance data (p. 29). ³⁵⁸ However, there are some shortcomings related to the surveillance system, such as the lack of an electronic reporting system for animal health and the limited capacity of the National Public Health Laboratory (LNSP) and other reference laboratories (p. 29). ³⁵⁹

The country has an Early Warning, Alert and Response System (EWARS) using internet-connected Android phones for human health in four departments, and the system is effective to national and intermediate regional stakeholders (p. 30). ³⁶⁰ However, there is a lack of electronic reporting at the national level, and lack of interconnected and interoperable elctronic reporting (p. 30). ³⁶¹

2.3.3 Wastewater surveillance

2.3.3a National wastewater surveillance programme or initiative

Score: 50

There is evidence of some wastewater and environmental surveillance (WES) activity within the country. The WHO and GPEI Q4 2025 Polio ES Bulletin lists the country as having 5 ES sites as of Q4 in 2025, although it is unclear whether these are at the national level and are ongoing.³⁶⁵

One 2025 research paper that discusses the application of technology in enhancing polio surveillance initiatives, mentions that incorporating Open Data Kit (ODK) technology "enabled users to collect geographic data crucial for poliovirus field surveillance…[and their] results are consistent with other similar observations from Nigeria, Congo, and Kenya, which reported the crucial role of ODK technology in enhancing poliovirus [environmental] surveillance and other polio eradication efforts in the Africa region emphasizing the validity of our contribution." While this suggests that some form ES does take place in Congo, it is not clear whether this is national, sub-national, or critically, currently ongoing.³⁶⁶

According to the 2025 Q4 Polio Environmental Surveillance Bulletin, published by the WHO and the GPEI, the Polio Eradication Programme (PEP), WHO Africa Regional Office (AFRO), have supported capacity-building in Congo, which is a priority country, through a refresher training session for ES focal points from government and supporting partner agencies.³⁶⁷

2.4 Surveillance data accessibility and transparency

2.4.1 Coverage and use of electronic health records

2.4.1a Common usage of electronic health records

Score: 0

Electornic health records are not in use in the Republic of Congo.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country has implemented national IT tools that enable electronic reporting of surveillance data (p. 29). ³⁶⁸ However, there are some shortcomings related to the surveillance system, such as the lack of an electronic reporting system for animal health and the limited capacity of the National Public Health Laboratory (LNSP) and other reference laboratories (p. 29). ³⁶⁹

Even though the country has an Early Warning, Alert and Response System (EWARS) using internet-connected Android phones for human health in four departments, and the system is effective to national and intermediate regional stakeholders (p. 30). ³⁷⁰ However, there is a lack of electronic reporting at the national level, and lack of interconnected and interoperable electronic reporting (p. 30). ³⁷¹

2.4.1b Public health system access to individual electronic health records

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the national public health system has access to electronic health records of individuals in the Republic of Congo.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country has implemented national IT tools that enable electronic reporting of surveillance data (p. 29). ³⁷⁵ However, there are some shortcomings related to the surveillance system, such as the lack of an electronic reporting system for animal health and the limited capacity of the National Public Health Laboratory (LNSP) and other reference laboratories (p. 29). ³⁷⁶

Even though the country has an Early Warning, Alert and Response System (EWARS) using internet-connected Android phones for human health in four departments, and the system is effective to national and intermediate regional stakeholders (p. 30). ³⁷⁷ However, there is a lack of electronic reporting at the national level, and lack of interconnected and interoperable electronic reporting (p. 30). ³⁷⁸

2.4.1c Existence of data standards for health record data comparability

Score: 0

There is no evidence of data standards to ensure data is comparable on the Republic of Congo.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country has implemented national IT tools that enable electronic reporting of surveillance data (p. 29). ³⁸² However, there are some shortcomings related to the surveillance system, such as the lack of an electronic reporting system for animal health and the limited capacity of the National Public Health Laboratory (LNSP) and other reference laboratories (p. 29). ³⁸³

Even though the country has an Early Warning, Alert and Response System (EWARS) using internet-connected Android phones for human health in four departments, and the system is effective to national and intermediate regional stakeholders (p. 30). ³⁸⁴ However, there is a lack of electronic reporting at the national level, and lack of interconnected and interoperable electronic reporting (p. 30). ³⁸⁵

2.4.2 Data integration between human, animal and environmental health sectors

2.4.2a Data sharing mechanisms

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has established mechanisms at the relevant ministries responsible for animal, human, and wildlife surveillance to share data.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the Republic of Congo has insufficient collaboration in laboratories and surveillance between veterinary and public health services (p. 19). ³⁸⁹

There is no evidence of such mechanisms on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, or the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. ³⁹⁰ ³⁹¹ ³⁹²

2.4.3 Transparency of surveillance data

2.4.3a Availability of de-identified health surveillance data on disease outbreaks

Score: 100

The Republic of Congo makes de-identified health surveillance data on infectious diseases publicly available via reports on government websites.

The Ministry of Health and Population publishes a weekly surveillance bulletin on diseases with epidemic potential, such as monkeypox, which includes data on the number of cases, their location and mortality status. ³⁹³

The Ministry of Health and Population also publishes a health statistics report, which includes vaccination coverage for infectious diseases, and data on epidemiological surveillance, such as the number of cases and deaths related to several diseases, such as anthrax, tuberculosis, Avian influenza, malaria, chikungunya, and others. ³⁹⁴ The data is disaggregated by sex, year and region. ³⁹⁵ The latest available version refers to 2021, 2022, and 2023, and it was published in July 2025. ³⁹⁶ The frequency of publication is unclear. ³⁹⁷

2.4.4 Ethical considerations during surveillance

2.4.4a Confidentiality legislation/regulations for identifiable health information

Score: 100

The Republic of Congo has legislation that safeguards the confidentiality of identifiable health information for individuals, such as that generated through health surveillance activities.

In accordance with Article 14 of he Personal Data Protection Law (Law No. 29-2019 of 10 October 2019), the collection and processing of personal data revealing genetic data or more generally data relating to the health of the person concerned is prohibited. ³⁹⁸ Article 17 states that the processing of personal health data is only permitted if the subject has given their consent, or whether it is necessary to promote and protect public health. ³⁹⁹

2.4.4b Inclusion of cyber protections in health data confidentiality law/regulation

Score: 100

The Republic of Congo has legislation safeguarding the confidentiality of identifiable health information for individuals, such as that generated through health surveillance activities, include mention of protections from cyber attacks.

In accordance with Article 14 of he Personal Data Protection Law (Law No. 29-2019 of 10 October 2019), the collection and processing of personal data revealing genetic data or more generally data relating to the health of the person concerned is prohibited. ⁴⁰⁰ Article 17 states that the processing of personal health data is only permitted if the subject has given their consent, or whether it is necessary to promote and protect public health. ⁴⁰¹ As per Article 98, violations of the Personal Data Protection Law are also punishable by the Law on Combating Cybercrime (Law No. 27-2020 of 5 June 2020). ⁴⁰²

The Law on Combating Cybercrime stipulates that, anyone who accesses or stores in a computer medium health data without the consent of the individual is subject to financial penatleis and imprisonment of at least one year to a maximum of five years (Article 19). ⁴⁰³

2.4.5 International data sharing

2.4.5a Cooperative commitments or agreements within regions

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has made commitments to share surveillance data during a public health emergency with other countries.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the Ministry of Health and Population of the Republic of Congo and the Ministry of Health of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) are engaged in sharing information pertaining to public health (p. 51). ⁴⁰⁴ However, there is no reference as to whether such are derived from committments. ⁴⁰⁵

Additionally, the Republic of Congo is a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC). ⁴⁰⁶ Pursuant to Article 6 of SADC's Protocol on Health, all member states shall (i) share information on health systems research and surveillance, and cooperate and assist each other in its disseminations, and (ii) cooperate and assist each other in regional surveillance with respect to communicable and non-communicable diseases, and to develop a common set of indicators for these diseases. ⁴⁰⁷ However, there is no specific mention of data-sharing at times of public health emergencies. ⁴⁰⁸

There is no evidence of such committments on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government. ⁴⁰⁹ ⁴¹⁰ ⁴¹¹ ⁴¹² ⁴¹³

2.5 Case-based investigation

2.5.1 Case investigation and contact tracing

2.5.1a National support to conduct contact tracing in the event of a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a national system in place to provide support at the sub-national level (e.g. training, metrics standardization or financial resources) to conduct contact tracing in the event of a public health emergency.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019) does not mention such national system. ⁴¹⁴ There is no mention of such system on the National Development Plan 2022-2026 (2022) or the National Health Policy 2018-2030 (2018). ⁴¹⁵ ⁴¹⁶ The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (PNDS) (2024) does not mention it either. ⁴¹⁷

There is no evidence of such system on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government. ⁴¹⁸ ⁴¹⁹ ⁴²⁰ ⁴²¹ ⁴²²

Nevertheless, there is evidence of ad hoc government activities that would support sub-national systems to prepare for future public health emergencies. In October 2025, the Republic of Congo stepped up measures to rapidly detect and respond to potential Ebola outbreak as the Democratic Republic of Congo was facing the outbreak of the virus. ⁴²³ With the support from the WHO, health authorities carried out an assessment of the national preparedness plan and started to update the National Ebola Preparedness and Response Plan, as well as distributed public awareness materials to ensure health measures are observed by the population. ⁴²⁴

2.5.1b Provision of wraparound services to enable self-isolation/quarantine as recommended

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo provides wraparound services to enable infected people and their contacts to self-isolate or quarantine as recommended, particularly economic support and medical attention.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country does not have regulations governing the isolation and quarantine of sick travelers (p. 51). ⁴²⁵ It also recommends the Republic of Congo to establish a legal framework the the implementation of restrictive measures such as quarantine during a public health emergency (p. 43). ⁴²⁶

There is no mention of such services on the National Development Plan 2022-2026 (2022), the National Health Policy 2018-2030 (2018), or the National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (PNDS) (2024). ⁴²⁷ ⁴²⁸ ⁴²⁹

There is no evidence of such services on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government. ⁴³⁰ ⁴³¹ ⁴³² ⁴³³ ⁴³⁴

2.5.2 Point of entry management

2.5.2a Strategy for tracing and quarantining international travelers

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a joint plan or cooperative agreement between the public health system and border control authorities to identify suspected and potential cases in international travelers and trace and quarantine their contacts in the event of a public health emergency.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country does not have regulations governing the isolation and quarantine of sick travelers (p. 51). ⁴³⁵ Although there are regular meetings at certain entry points between health control officers and other public health officials in the are to share epidemiological surveillance information, there is no reference to whether they include border control authorities (p. 51). ⁴³⁶ However, there is no reference to a joint plan or cooperative agreement. ⁴³⁷

There is no evidence of such plan or agreement on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the Ministry of the Interior, Decentralization, and Customary Affairs, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government. ⁴³⁸ ⁴³⁹ ⁴⁴⁰ ⁴⁴¹ ⁴⁴² ⁴⁴³

2.6 Epidemiology workforce

2.6.1 Existence of applied epidemiology training program such FETP and FETPV

2.6.1a Access to field epidemiology training program in country and/or abroad

Score: 100

The Republic of Congo has an applied epidemiology training program (such as FETP) available in the country.

According to the African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET), the Republic of Congo has established a FETP in 2022. ⁴⁴⁴ The programme is focused on advanced and frontline workers, and it has received the support from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Congo, the AFENET, and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC). ⁴⁴⁵

Between 2022 and 2023, the AFENET provided training in the Republic of Congo in field epidemiology. ⁴⁴⁶ In March 2024, the AFENET implemented another program to train trainers of the Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic (CAR), and the Republic of Chad, to support the implementation of field epidemiology programs in those countries. ⁴⁴⁷

2.6.1b Existence of field epidemiology training for animal health professionals

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has either an applied epidemiology training program (such as FETP) available in the country or provides public resources to send citizens to another country to participate in applied epidemiology training programs. There is no reference to animal health.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), although the Republic of Congo has standard epidemiology training subscribes to the African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET), there is not a practical field epidemiology program, including FETP (pp. 34-36). ⁴⁴⁸

Nevertheless, the Ministry of Health of Cameroon, alongside the Ministry of Higher Education of Cameroon and the University of Buea, implements the Cameroon Field Epidemiology Training Program (CAFETP). ⁴⁴⁹ Nationals of the Republic of Congo can enroll and have participated in the program, but there is no evidence that they have participated through government funding. ⁴⁵⁰ ⁴⁵¹

Between 2022 and 2023, the AFENET provided training in the Republic of Congo in field epidemiology. ⁴⁵² However, there is no evidence that it was part of a comprehensive program in the country. ⁴⁵³ In March 2024, the AFENET implemented another program to train trainers of the Republic of Congo, the Central African Republic (CAR), and the Republic of Chad, to support the implementation of field epidemiology programs in those countries. ⁴⁵⁴ However, there is no evidence that such efforts included animal health. ⁴⁵⁵

2.6.2 Epidemiology workforce capacity

2.6.2a Evidence of at least 1 trained field epidemiologist per 200,000 people

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has at least 1 trained field epidemiologist per 200,000 people.

In the Health Statistics Report (2025), the Ministry of Health and Population discloses the number of health professionals in the country by region. ⁴⁵⁶ However, there is no disaggregation based on their specialization. ⁴⁵⁷

There is no evidence of statistics on the website of the Ministry of Health and Population. ⁴⁵⁸

Rapid Response

3.1 Emergency preparedness and response planning

3.1.1 National public health emergency preparedness and response plan

3.1.1a National emergency response plan for diseases with pandemic potential

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has an overarching national public health emergency response plan in place which addresses planning for multiple communicable diseases with epidemic or pandemic potential. There is no evidence of disease-specific plans either.

The National Strategy of Prevention and Risk Reduction of Emergencies (SNPRRC) 2016-2023 (2017) acknowledges the country is affected by several epidemics, such as Ebola, cholera, measles, polio, and yellow fever. ⁴⁵⁹ However, there is no reference to specific measures related to epidemics or pandemics. ⁴⁶⁰ In addition, SNPRRC is outdated. ⁴⁶¹

The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (PNDS) (2024) includes a program to strengthen health security, management of epidemics and other emergency situations in the health sector, which includes initiatives to increase preparedness for epidemics and prevent health emergencies (p. 115). ⁴⁶³ However, it does not constitute an overarching national public health emergency response plan. ⁴⁶⁴

There is no evidence of such strategy or disease-specific plans on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government. ⁴⁶⁵ ⁴⁶⁶ ⁴⁶⁷ ⁴⁶⁸ ⁴⁶⁹

3.1.1b National public health emergency response plan published in past 3 years

Score: 0

The National Strategy of Prevention and Risk Reduction of Emergencies (SNPRRC) 2016-2023 (2017) acknowledges the country is affected by several epidemics, such as Ebola, cholera, measles, polio, and yellow fever. ⁴⁷⁰ However, there is no reference to specific measures related to epidemics or pandemics. ⁴⁷¹ In addition, SNPRRC is outdated. ⁴⁷²

The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (PNDS) (2024) includes a program to strengthen health security, management of epidemics and other emergency situations in the health sector, which includes initiatives to increase preparedness for epidemics and prevent health emergencies (p. 115). ⁴⁷⁴ However, it does not constitute an overarching national public health emergency response plan. ⁴⁷⁵

There is no evidence of such strategy on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government. ⁴⁷⁶ ⁴⁷⁷ ⁴⁷⁸ ⁴⁷⁹ ⁴⁸⁰

3.1.1c One health principles by covering multiple threat types

Score: 0

The National Strategy of Prevention and Risk Reduction of Emergencies (SNPRRC) 2016-2023 (2017) acknowledges the country is affected by several epidemics, such as Ebola, cholera, measles, polio, and yellow fever. ⁴⁸¹ However, there is no reference to specific measures related to epidemics or pandemics. ⁴⁸² In addition, SNPRRC is outdated. ⁴⁸³

The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (PNDS) (2024) includes a program to strengthen health security, management of epidemics and other emergency situations in the health sector, which includes initiatives to increase preparedness for epidemics and prevent health emergencies (p. 115). ⁴⁸⁵ However, it does not constitute an overarching national public health emergency response plan. ⁴⁸⁶

3.1.1d Vulnerable populations in national public health emergency response plan

Score: 0

The National Strategy of Prevention and Risk Reduction of Emergencies (SNPRRC) 2016-2023 (2017) acknowledges the country is affected by several epidemics, such as Ebola, cholera, measles, polio, and yellow fever. ⁴⁹² However, there is no reference to specific measures related to epidemics or pandemics. ⁴⁹³ In addition, SNPRRC is outdated. ⁴⁹⁴

The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (PNDS) (2024) includes a program to strengthen health security, management of epidemics and other emergency situations in the health sector, which includes initiatives to increase preparedness for epidemics and prevent health emergencies (p. 115). ⁴⁹⁶ However, it does not constitute an overarching national public health emergency response plan. ⁴⁹⁷

3.1.2 Private sector involvement in response planning

3.1.2a Mechanism to engage private sector in outbreak preparedness/response

Score: 100

The Republic of Congo has a specific mechanism for engaging with the private sector to assist with outbreak emergency preparedness and response.

The Republic of Congo created the Public Health Emergency Operations Center (COUSP) through Decree No. 2023-68 of 1 March 2023, which is responsible for the management of public health emergencies in the country. ⁵⁰³ As per Article 6, a representative of the Red Cross and of civil society organizations are part of COUSP. ⁵⁰⁴

In June 2024, the Republic of Congo completed its emergency preparedness and response capacity review, the Universal Health and Preparedness Review (UHPR), which involved all public sectors, as well as civil society organizations, private sector representatives, and other partners. ⁵⁰⁵ The country established a COVID-19 fund to support the financing of pandemic response activities, which generated strong support and participation from the community, civil society, and the private sector, providing a useful basis for establishing sustainable financing mechanisms for preparedness and response (p. 24). ⁵⁰⁶

In addition, the country has established the Advisory Council of Non-Governmental Organizations and Civil Society and its involvement through the National Coordination Platform of Civil Society Organizations on the multisectoral community response to epidemics (CNORE3) (p. 19). ⁵⁰⁷ However, civil society participation is still insufficient in governmental bodies, leading to situations that do not adequately take into account the real needs of the population in managing public health emergencies and to distrust of certain government measures (p. 20). ⁵⁰⁸

3.1.3 Non-pharmaceutical interventions planning

3.1.3a Policy/plan/guidelines in place to implement non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a policy, plan or guidelines in place to implement non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during an epidemic or pandemic.

In 2024, the Republic of Congo activated its Public Health Emergency Operations Center (COUSP) to combat monkeypox outbreak. ⁵⁰⁹ Healthcare authorities recommended NPIs for people, such as wearing masks, washing hands and maintaining a distance of at least one meter; however, there is no evidence it is part of a policy, plan, or guidelines. ⁵¹⁰ ⁵¹¹ In 2023, during another outbreak of monkeypox, government authorities urged the population to avoid bare-handed contact with wild animals or game, wash their hands regularly and properly with clean water and soap, avoid contact with anyone showing signs of this disease, and others. ⁵¹² However, there is no evidence it was part of a policy or plan. ⁵¹³

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country does not have regulations governing the isolation and quarantine of sick travelers (p. 51). ⁵¹⁴ It also recommends the Republic of Congo to establish a legal framework the the implementation of restrictive measures such as quarantine during a public health emergency (p. 43). ⁵¹⁵

There is no evidence of such policy, plan or guidelines on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government. ⁵¹⁶ ⁵¹⁷ ⁵¹⁸ ⁵¹⁹ ⁵²⁰

3.2 Exercising response plans

3.2.1 Activating response plans

3.2.1a Completion of biological-focused IHR exercise with the WHO in past year

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has either activated a national emergency response plan for an infectious disease outbreak or completed a national-level biological threat-focused exercise in the past year.

According to the Universal Health and Preparedness Review of the Republic of Congo (UHPR) (2024), the country does not have a national multi-risk plan (p. 22). ⁵²¹ It underscores that the Republic of Congo regularly holds simulation exercises to test and maintain its operational response capabilities, and last exercise until 2024 was a field exercise held in April 2022 at Maya International Airport (p. 19). ⁵²²

In 2024, the Republic of Congo activated its Public Health Emergency Operations Center (COUSP) to combat monkeypox outbreak. ⁵²³ However, there is no evidence it was part of a national emergency response plan. ⁵²⁴

There is no evidence of such exercises on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government. ⁵²⁵ ⁵²⁶ ⁵²⁷ ⁵²⁸ ⁵²⁹

3.2.1b Evidence of bio-focused exercise to identify gaps/best practices

Score: 0

The Republic of Congo has identified a list of gaps and best practices in response after action review, but there is no evidence that it developed a plan to improve response capabilities.

In June 2024, the Republic of Congo finalized its emergency preparedness and response capacity review, the Universal Health and Preparedness Review (UHPR), which identified a list of gaps and best practices in the country in terms of governance, systems, and funding related to emergencies. ⁵³⁰ ⁵³¹ However, there is no evidence that it developed a plan to improve response capabilities on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government. ⁵³² ⁵³³ ⁵³⁴ ⁵³⁵ ⁵³⁶

3.2.2 Private sector engagement in exercises

3.2.2a Evidence of national-level biological threat-focused exercise that includes private sector

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has undergone a national-level biological threat-focused exercise that has included private sector representatives in the past year.

According to the Universal Health and Preparedness Review of the Republic of Congo (UHPR) (2024), the country does not have a national multi-risk plan (p. 22). ⁵³⁷ It underscores that the Republic of Congo regularly holds simulation exercises to test and maintain its operational response capabilities, and last exercise until 2024 was a field exercise held in April 2022 at Maya International Airport (p. 19). ⁵³⁸

3.3 Emergency response operation

3.3.1 Emergency response operation

3.3.1a Existence of Emergency Operations Center (EOC)

Score: 100

The Republic of Congo has an Emergency Operations Center (EOC) in place.

The Republic of Congo created the Public Health Emergency Operations Center (COUSP) through Decree No. 2023-68 of 1 March 2023. ⁵⁴⁴ As per Article 6, the national coordination of COUSP is comprised of the Minister of Health (President), the Director General of Healthcare and Services, the National Coordinatior of the IHR Focal Point, the Director of Epidemiology and Disease Control, the Director of COUSP, and the Executive Director of the National Council for the Fight against HIV, Sexually Transmitted Infections and Epidemics, as well as representatives of several ministries, such as the one responsible for the environment, the interior, transportation, national defense, communications, and others. ⁵⁴⁵

3.3.1b Requirement for EOC to conduct/evidence EOC conducts at least annual drills

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) is required to conduct a drill for a public health emergency scenario at least once per year. There is no evidence that it has conducted a drill at least once per year.

The Republic of Congo created the Public Health Emergency Operations Center (COUSP) through Decree No. 2023-68 of 1 March 2023. ⁵⁴⁶ As per Article 8, COUSP is responsible for developing staff training programs and conduct simulation exercises to test response systems, but there is no requirement that it must be conducted annually. ⁵⁴⁷

In 2024, the Ministry of Health and Population activated COUSP due to the outbreak of monkeypox. ⁵⁴⁸

3.3.1c EOC activation within 120 minutes of identification of emergency/scenario

Score: 0

There is no evidence to show that the Emergency Operations Center (EOC) has conducted within the last year a coordinated emergency response or emergency response exercise activated within 120 minutes of the identification of the public health emergency.

In 2024, the Ministry of Health and Population activated the Public Health Emergency Operations Center (COUSP) due to the outbreak of monkeypox in the country. ⁵⁴⁹ However, there is no evidence that it was activated within 120 minutes of the identification of the public health emergency. ⁵⁵⁰

3.4 Linking public health and security authorities

3.4.1 Public health and security authorities linked for a biological event

3.4.1a Joint exercise/procedures for potential deliberate biological events

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has carried out an exercise to respond to a potential deliberate biological event, or that it has standard operating procedures, guidelines, memoranda of understanding (MOUs) or other agreements between the public health, animal health, the private sector and security authorities to respond to a potential deliberate biological event.

There is no evidence of such exercises or agreements on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government, the Ministry of Transportation, Civil Aviation and Merchant Marine, the Ministry of the Interior, Security, Decentralization and Customary Affairs. ⁵⁵¹ ⁵⁵² ⁵⁵³ ⁵⁵⁴ ⁵⁵⁵ ⁵⁵⁶ ⁵⁵⁷ There is no evidence of on the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) National Implementation Measures Database either. ⁵⁵⁸

3.5 Risk communication

3.5.1 Risk communication planning

3.5.1a Risk communication plan for specific use during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a risk communication plan that is specifically intended for use during a public health emergency.

According to the Universal Health and Preparedness Review of the Republic of Congo (UHPR) (2024), the country does not have a national multi-risk plan (p. 22). ⁵⁵⁹ It underscores that the country has low community attendance at health centers during epidemic, which stems from multiple factors, including inadequate communication tools (p. 22). ⁵⁶⁰ There is no mention of a risk communication plan. ⁵⁶¹

During the outbreak of mpox in 2025, the Republic of Congo made risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) central to its response strategy. ⁵⁶² The WHO deployed a team to support efforts, including RCCE efforts, who trained departmental and community actors to equip healthcare professionals and community relays with knowledge about mpox and techniques for raising awareness. ⁵⁶³

There is no evidence of a communication plan on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government. ⁵⁶⁴ ⁵⁶⁵ ⁵⁶⁶ ⁵⁶⁷ ⁵⁶⁸

3.5.1b Inclusion of different population & sector needs in risk communication plan

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a risk communication plan that is specifically intended for use during a public health emergency.

According to the Universal Health and Preparedness Review of the Republic of Congo (UHPR) (2024), the country does not have a national multi-risk plan (p. 22). ⁵⁶⁹ It underscores that the country has low community attendance at health centers during epidemic, which stems from multiple factors, including inadequate communication tools (p. 22). ⁵⁷⁰ There is no mention of a risk communication plan. ⁵⁷¹

3.5.1c Designation of a specific government spokesperson during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a risk communication plan that is specifically intended for use during a public health emergency.

According to the Universal Health and Preparedness Review of the Republic of Congo (UHPR) (2024), the country does not have a national multi-risk plan (p. 22). ⁵⁷⁷ It underscores that the country has low community attendance at health centers during epidemic, which stems from multiple factors, including inadequate communication tools (p. 22). ⁵⁷⁸ There is no mention of a risk communication plan. ⁵⁷⁹

3.5.2 Public health systems communication

3.5.2a Government use of media platforms to share info on public health emergencies

Score: 100

There is evidence that the Republic of Congo has actively shared messages via online media platforms to inform the public about ongoing public health concerns and dispel rumors, misinformation or disinformation in the past year.

In August 2024, the Government of the Republic of Congo posted an update on the monkeypox outbreak in the country, reporting the number of cases in each department, the means of transmission, the symptoms, and prevention measures. ⁵⁸⁵ In October 2024, the Ministry of Health and Population published about a meeting for resource mobilization in the country, in which the country reported on the number of suspected and confirmed cases, as well as the priority needs to tackle the epidemic with the committed partners, namely the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Children's Fund (Unicef) and the United States of America (USA). ⁵⁸⁶ In the same month, the Ministry of Health and Population published on its Facebook page about the establishment of a mobile laboratory to tackle the Mpox epidemic through rapid testing. ⁵⁸⁷ There are several other posts about the Mpox epidemic on the Ministry of Health and Population's Facebook page. ⁵⁸⁸

3.5.2b Evidence that senior leaders have shared mis/disinformation on infectious diseases

Score: 100

There is no evidence that senior leaders in the Republic of Congo have shared misinformation or disinformation on infectious diseases in the past two years.

There is no evidence of such remarks on the websites of the Les Depeches de Brazzaville, Les Echos du Congo, La Semaine Africaine, or Africanews. ⁵⁸⁹ ⁵⁹⁰ ⁵⁹¹ ⁵⁹² There is no evidence on the Facebook of the Ministry of Health and Population either. ⁵⁹³

There is no evidence of such remarks on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, or the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo. ⁵⁹⁴ ⁵⁹⁵ ⁵⁹⁶ ⁵⁹⁷

3.6 Access to communications infrastructure

3.6.1 Internet users

3.6.1a Percentage of households with Internet

Score: 0.39

3.6.2 Mobile subscribers

3.6.2a Mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants

Score: 51.31

3.6.3 Female access to a mobile phone

3.6.3a Gender gap in access to a mobile phone (percentage points)

Score: 86.67

3.6.4 Female access to the Internet

3.6.4a Gender gap in access to the Internet (percentage points)

Score: 70.83

3.7 Trade and travel restrictions

3.7.1 Trade restrictions

3.7.1a Restrictions on export/import of medical goods due to an infectious disease outbreak

Score: 100

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has implemented restrictions on export or import of medical goods due to an infectious disease outbreak in the past year.

There is no evidence of such restrictions on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the Ministry of Finances, Budget and Public Portfolio, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government. ⁵⁹⁸ ⁵⁹⁹ ⁶⁰⁰ ⁶⁰¹ ⁶⁰² ⁶⁰³

3.7.1b Restrictions on movement and/or exports/imports due to disease outbreak

Score: 100

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has implemented restrictions on export or import of non-medical goods due to an infectious disease outbreak in the past year.

There is no evidence of such restrictions on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the Ministry of Finances, Budget and Public Portfolio, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government. ⁶⁰⁴ ⁶⁰⁵ ⁶⁰⁶ ⁶⁰⁷ ⁶⁰⁸ ⁶⁰⁹

3.7.2 Travel restrictions

3.7.2a Evidence of travel ban due to an infectious disease outbreak

Score: 100

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has implemented inbound or outbound travel restrictions due to an infectious disease outbreak in the past year.

There is no evidence of such restrictions on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the Ministry of Finances, Budget and Public Portfolio, the Ministry of Cultural, Artistic and Leisure Industries, the Ministry of the Interior, Decentralization, and Customary Affairs, and the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo. ⁶¹⁰ ⁶¹¹ ⁶¹² ⁶¹³ ⁶¹⁴ ⁶¹⁵ ⁶¹⁶

3.7.2b Risk-based approach to international travel-related measures

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo uses a risk-based approach to international travel-related measures.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the Republic of Congo checks vaccination status at border posts, but there is inadequate supplies of the equipment and materials needed to quickly assess and treat sick travelers, including personal protective equipment (p. 51). ⁶¹⁷ There is no mention of risk-based approach. ⁶¹⁸

There is no evidence of such approach on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the Ministry of Finances, Budget and Public Portfolio, the Ministry of Cultural, Artistic and Leisure Industries, the Ministry of the Interior, Decentralization, and Customary Affairs, and the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo. ⁶¹⁹ ⁶²⁰ ⁶²¹ ⁶²² ⁶²³ ⁶²⁴ ⁶²⁵

Health System

4.1 Health capacity in clinics, hospitals and community care centers

4.1.1 Available human resources for the broader healthcare system

4.1.1a Doctors per 100,000 people

Score: 2.06

4.1.1b Nurses and midwives per 100,000 people

Score: 13.69

4.1.1c Updated health workforce strategy to address human resource shortfalls

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a health workforce strategy in place to identify fields where there is an insufficient workforce and strategies to address these shortcomings.

The National Health Policy 2018-2030 (2018) recommends the country to develop and implement a human resources development plan for health, taking into account training, recruitment, equitable distribution of health personnel, motivation, retention, and career management (p. 28). ⁶²⁶

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), staff distribution does not always meet the actual needs at different levels of the system, and although human resources are available across the country, it remains limited in quanity and quality in all sectors (p. 34). ⁶²⁷ It underscores that the Republic of Congo has an Action Plan for the Development of Human Resources in Health, but it was enacted in 2016 and valid until 2020 (pp. 34; 65). ⁶²⁸

The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (2024) highlights that the Ministry of Health and Population does not have a plan for the development of health workforce (p. 52). ⁶²⁹

4.1.1d Health system capacity for essential health services

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has sufficient capacity within the health system to deliver essential health services.

The Joint external evaluation of the International Health Regulations (‎2005)‎ gives the Republic of Congo a score of 1. It sights a lack of procedures and decision-making processes regarding the deployment and reception of healthcare personnel during a public health emergency and a lack of additional mechanisms for integrating medical resources and means from other sectors (e.g., animal health) during the response to a public health emergency as core gaps.⁶³⁰

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), only 13.82% of the Congolese population had access to health services in 2021, primarily due to barriers such as lack of information, high cost of services, insecurity, geographical access, and restricted access. ⁶³¹ Nevertheless, the Ministry of Health and Population, in collaboration with the WHO, launched a pilot programme to revitalize 12 health districts in 2022, which included the creation of over 70 health committees (COSAs) aimed at advancing universal health coverage. ⁶³²

In addition, the National Health Policy 2018-2030 includes strategic orientation No. 2 for the improvement of equitable access of the population to essential and quality healthcare services (p. 27). ⁶³³ It presents measures to develop person-centered primary healthcare through the revitalization of the health district to provide a package of essential, high-quality services at lower costs to the population, as well as the improvement of the availability of medicines and other health products in health facilities. ⁶³⁴

4.1.1e Essential health services continuity plan for public health emergencies

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a plan to ensure continuity of essential health services during a public health emergency.

The National Development Plan 2022-2026 (2022) and the National Health Policy 2018-2030 (2018) do not include measures to ensure the continuity of essential health services during a public health emergency. ⁶³⁵ ⁶³⁶ The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (2024) does not mention them either. ⁶³⁷

In December 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) provided support to countries in integrating continuity of services in their mpox incident management structure. ⁶³⁸ The approach, targeting countries with active mpox transmission, including the Republic of Congo, focused on ensuring availability and access to essential health services, such as maternal and child-care, immunization, HIV treatment and chronic disease management, alongside the outbreak response efforts. ⁶³⁹

There is no evidence of such capacity or plan on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, or the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo. ⁶⁴⁰ ⁶⁴¹

4.1.2 Facilities capacity

4.1.2a Hospital beds per 100,000 people

Score: 39.94

4.1.2b In-country capacity to isolate patients with highly communicable diseases

Score: 100

The Republic of Congo has the capacity to isolate patients with highly communicable diseases in a biocontainment patient care unit or patient isolation room located within the country.

According to a World Health Organization's (WHO) assessment, there are two isolation rooms in Brazzaville, capital of the Republic of Congo, one at the University Hospital Center (CHU) and another at the Military Hospital. ⁶⁴²

However, according to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country does not have regulations governing the isolation and quarantine of sick travelers (p. 51). ⁶⁴³ It also recommends the Republic of Congo to establish a legal framework the the implementation of restrictive measures such as quarantine during a public health emergency (p. 43). ⁶⁴⁴

The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (2024) identifies that the country does not have isolation centers in points of entry (p. 103). ⁶⁴⁵

In a July 2024 report on the Monkeypox situation, the Ministry of Health and Population identified the need to strengthen logistical capacity to ensure the dignified and secure isolation of cases, but there is no mention of patient care units or isolation rooms. ⁶⁴⁶

4.1.2c Demonstrated capacity / evidence of plan to expand isolation capacity

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the country has either demonstrated capacity to expand isolation capacity in response to an infectious disease outbreak or developed, updated or tested a plan to expand isolation capacity in response to an infectious disease outbreak in the past two years.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country does not have regulations governing the isolation and quarantine of sick travelers (p. 51). ⁶⁴⁷ It also recommends the Republic of Congo to establish a legal framework the the implementation of restrictive measures such as quarantine during a public health emergency (p. 43). ⁶⁴⁸

The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (2024) identifies that the country does not have isolation centers in points of entry (p. 103). ⁶⁴⁹ The Universal Health and Preparedness Review of the Republic of Congo (UHPR) (2024) does not mention isolation capacity. ⁶⁵⁰

There is no evidence of such capacity or plan on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, or the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo. ⁶⁵³ ⁶⁵⁴

4.2 Supply chain for health system and healthcare workers

4.2.1 Routine health care and laboratory system supply

4.2.1a National procurement protocol for the acquisition of routine laboratory/medical supplies

Score: 50

The Republic of Congo has a national procurement protocol which can be utilized by the Ministries of Health and Agriculture for the acquisition of medical supplies for routine needs. Nevertheless, there is no reference to laboratory supplies.

The Public Procurement Code (Decree No. 2009-156 of 20 May 2009) sets out rules governing the preparation, award, approval, execution, monitoring, and regulation of public procurement contracts. ⁶⁵⁵ As per Article 3, the provisions of the Public Procurement Code are applicable to the State, local authorities, and their public institutions, including the Ministry of Health and Population, and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. ⁶⁵⁶

It includes pharmaceutical products, as specified in Article 57, in which the contracting authority may request that candidate companies provide a qualification certificate, and for pharmaceutical products, certification from the World Health Organization (WHO) is required. ⁶⁵⁷ Nevertheless, there is no explicit reference to laboratory supplies. ⁶⁵⁸

4.2.2 Stockpiling for emergencies

4.2.2a Stockpile of medical supplies for national use during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a stockpile of medical supplies (e.g. MCMs, medicines, vaccines, medical equipment, PPE) for national use during a public health emergency defined by the overarching national public health emergency response plan.

According to the Universal Health and Preparedness Review of the Republic of Congo (UHPR) (2024), the country does not have a national multi-risk plan (p. 22). ⁶⁵⁹ The UHPR does not mention a stockpile of medical supplies. ⁶⁶⁰

The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (2024) states that the public procurement network of medical supplies is entrusted to the Central Purchasing Agency for Essential Medicines and Health Products (CAMEPS) (p. 56). ⁶⁶¹ At the central level, CAMPES ensures the supply storage, and distribution of all essential medicines and health products, whereas at the intermediate level, the health districts act as district depots and distribute medicines to health centers and district hospitals; however, the majority of health districts do not have pharmaceutical depots or qualified personnel. ⁶⁶² Additionally, the medicine supply chain is not respected; some health facilities continue to obtain supplies from private wholesalers, pharmacies, and even through illicit channels, and the main reason for this is the low availability of medicines in the public sector (p. 56). ⁶⁶³ The low availability is due to the fact that CAMEPS neves received its initial allocation of medicines, let alone its operating budget. ⁶⁶⁴

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country lacks a mapping of all types of available resources in all sectors, including strategic medicine stocks and vaccines, for emergency responses (p. 38). ⁶⁶⁵ Likewise, it does not have strategic stocks of medicines or equipment to enable it to deal with potential public health emergencies (p. 44). ⁶⁶⁶

4.2.2b Stockpile of laboratory supplies for national use during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a stockpile of laboratory supplies (e.g. reagents, media) for national use during a public health emergency during a public health emergency.

According to the Universal Health and Preparedness Review of the Republic of Congo (UHPR) (2024) does not mention a stockpile of laboratory supplies. ⁶⁶⁷

The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (2024) states that the public procurement network of medical supplies is entrusted to the Central Purchasing Agency for Essential Medicines and Health Products (CAMEPS) (p. 56). ⁶⁶⁸ At the central level, CAMPES ensures the supply storage, and distribution of all essential medicines and health products, whereas at the intermediate level, the health districts act as district depots and distribute medicines to health centers and district hospitals; however, the majority of health districts do not have pharmaceutical depots or qualified personnel. ⁶⁶⁹ Additionally, the medicine supply chain is not respected; some health facilities continue to obtain supplies from private wholesalers, pharmacies, and even through illicit channels, and the main reason for this is the low availability of medicines in the public sector (p. 56). ⁶⁷⁰ The low availability is due to the fact that CAMEPS neves received its initial allocation of medicines, let alone its operating budget. ⁶⁷¹

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), the country lack a mapping of all types of available resources in all sectors, including strategic medicine stocks and vaccines, for emergency responses (p. 38). ⁶⁷² Likewise, it does not have strategic stocks of medicines or equipment to enable it to deal with potential public health emergencies (p. 44). ⁶⁷³

4.2.2c Annual review of national stockpile to ensure sufficient supply

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo conducts or requires an annual review of the national stockpile to ensure the supply is sufficient for a public health emergency.

According to the Universal Health and Preparedness Review of the Republic of Congo (UHPR) (2024) does not mention a stockpile of laboratory supplies. ⁶⁷⁴

The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (2024) identifies that some health facilities continue to obtain supplies from private wholesalers, pharmacies, and even through illicit channels, and the main reason for this is the low availability of medicines in the public sector (p. 56). ⁶⁷⁵

4.2.3 Manufacturing and procurement for emergencies

4.2.3a Plan/agreement to produce/procure medical supplies during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a mechanism to procure medical supplies for national use during a public health emergency.

The Public Procurement Code (Decree No. 2009-156 of 20 May 2009) sets out rules governing the preparation, award, approval, execution, monitoring, and regulation of public procurement contracts. ⁶⁷⁷ As per Article 3, the provisions of the Public Procurement Code are applicable to the State, local authorities, and their public institutions, including the Ministry of Health and Population, and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. ⁶⁷⁸ However, it does not specifically mention medical supplies. ⁶⁷⁹

Pursuant to Article 37, the procuring authority can restrict the call for tenders, with the authorization of the Directorate General for Public Procurement Control, for awarding contracts for which the urgent nature of the contract resulting from circumstances unforeseeable is incompatible with the deadlines required by the tendering procedures, particularly to address urgent situations arising from a natural or technological disasters. ⁶⁸⁰ Likewise, Article 72 establishes that a contract may be awarded by mutual agreement in case of the event of an urgent need due to circumstances of force majeure that make it impossible to meet the deadlines stipulated in the tendering procedures, requiring immediate intervention, and when the contracting authority or delegated contracting authority was unable to foresee the circumstances giving rise to the emergency. ⁶⁸¹

4.2.3b Plan/agreement to produce/procure lab supplies during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a mechanism to procure laboratory supplies for national use during a public health emergency.

The Public Procurement Code (Decree No. 2009-156 of 20 May 2009) sets out rules governing the preparation, award, approval, execution, monitoring, and regulation of public procurement contracts. ⁶⁸⁷ As per Article 3, the provisions of the Public Procurement Code are applicable to the State, local authorities, and their public institutions, including the Ministry of Health and Population, and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries. ⁶⁸⁸ However, it does not specifically mention laboratory supplies. ⁶⁸⁹

Pursuant to Article 37, the procuring authority can restrict the call for tenders, with the authorization of the Directorate General for Public Procurement Control, for awarding contracts for which the urgent nature of the contract resulting from circumstances unforeseeable is incompatible with the deadlines required by the tendering procedures, particularly to address urgent situations arising from a natural or technological disasters. ⁶⁹⁰ Likewise, Article 72 establishes that a contract may be awarded by mutual agreement in case of the event of an urgent need due to circumstances of force majeure that make it impossible to meet the deadlines stipulated in the tendering procedures, requiring immediate intervention, and when the contracting authority or delegated contracting authority was unable to foresee the circumstances giving rise to the emergency. ⁶⁹¹

4.2.3c Mechanism emergency logistics and supply chain management

Score: 100

The Republic of Congo has a system for national and subnational levels for emergency logistics and supply chain management, which covers specific considerations such as cold chain management for vaccines.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), there are two cold rooms at the central depot in Brazzaville and the sub-base in Point-Noire, as well as cold chain equipment at the departmental and health district depots, refrigerators at the health facilities, and generators and solar panels at the health system level (p. 24). ⁶⁹⁷ Moreover, there is a distribution plan from the central to the departmental level, from the departmental level to the health districts, from health districts to health facilities, and from health facilities to the beneficiaries (p. 22). ⁶⁹⁸ The country has an operational distribution system (p. 25). ⁶⁹⁹ In 2018, it rehabilitated the cold chain for the reception and installation of 130 pieces of equipment, and forwarded another 80 for the private sector. ⁷⁰⁰

4.3 Medical countermeasures and personnel deployment

4.3.1 System for dispensing MCMs during a public health emergency

4.3.1a Plan/program/guidelines for dispensing MCMs during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a plan, program, or guidelines in place for dispensing medical countermeasures (MCM) for national use during a public health emergency.

According to the Universal Health and Preparedness Review of the Republic of Congo (UHPR) (2024), the country does not have a national multi-risk plan (p. 22). ⁷⁰⁴ There is no reference to another plan, program, or guidelines in place for dispensing MCM for national use during a public health emergency. ⁷⁰⁵

There is no evidence of such capacity or plan on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, or the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo. ⁷⁰⁷ ⁷⁰⁸

4.3.2 System for receiving foreign health personnel during a public health emergency

4.3.2a Plan to receive foreign health personnel during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a public plan in place to facilitate workforce surge in an emergency.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), staff distribution does not always meet the actual needs at different levels of the system, and although human resources are available across the country, it remains limited in quanity and quality in all sectors (p. 34). ⁷¹¹ It underscores that the Republic of Congo has an Action Plan for the Development of Human Resources in Health, but it was enacted in 2016 and valid until 2020 (pp. 34; 65). ⁷¹²

The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (2024) highlights that the Ministry of Health and Population does not have a plan for the development of health workforce (p. 52). ⁷¹³ It does not mention a plan to facilitate workforce surge either. ⁷¹⁴

There is no evidence of such plan on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, or the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo. ⁷¹⁵ ⁷¹⁶

4.3.2b Plan to facilitate workforce surge in an emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a public plan in place to receive health personnel from other countries to respond to a public health emergency.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), staff distribution does not always meet the actual needs at different levels of the system, and although human resources are available across the country, it remains limited in quanity and quality in all sectors (p. 34). ⁷¹⁹ It underscores that the Republic of Congo has an Action Plan for the Development of Human Resources in Health, but it was enacted in 2016 and valid until 2020 (pp. 34; 65). ⁷²⁰

The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (2024) highlights that the Ministry of Health and Population does not have a plan for the development of health workforce (p. 52). ⁷²¹ It does not mention a plan to receive health personnel from other countries. ⁷²²

There is no evidence of such plan on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, or the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo. ⁷²³ ⁷²⁴

4.3.2c Plan to redeploy existing health personnel within the country

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a public plan in place to redeploy existing health personnel within the country.

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), staff distribution does not always meet the actual needs at different levels of the system, and although human resources are available across the country, it remains limited in quanity and quality in all sectors (p. 34). ⁷²⁷ It underscores that the Republic of Congo has an Action Plan for the Development of Human Resources in Health, but it was enacted in 2016 and valid until 2020 (pp. 34; 65). ⁷²⁸

The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (2024) highlights that the Ministry of Health and Population does not have a plan for the development of health workforce (p. 52). ⁷²⁹ It does not mention a plan to redeploy the healthcare workforce within the country. ⁷³⁰

There is no evidence of such plan on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, or the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo. ⁷³¹ ⁷³²

4.4 Healthcare access

4.4.1 Access to healthcare

4.4.1a Constitutional guarantee of citizens’ right to medical care

Score: 75

The Constitution of the Republic of Congo explicitly guarantees citizens' right to medical care. However, there is no evidence that it explicitly guarantees that it is free.

Pursuant to Article 36 of the Constitution of the Republic of Congo (2015), the State must guarantee public health. ⁷³³ However, there is no evidence that it explicitly guarantees that it is free. ⁷³⁴

4.4.1b Access to skilled birth attendants (% of population)

Score: 91.18

4.4.1c Out-of-pocket health expenditures per capita, PPP (current international $)

Score: 98.05

4.4.1d Coverage of essential health services through universal health coverage

Score: 29.17

4.4.1e Total population pushed below a relative poverty line by household health expenditure (60% of media daily per capita consumption or income)

Score: 80.43

4.4.1f Rate of mortality amenable to health care

Score: 70.48

4.4.2 Paid medical leave

4.4.2a Guaranteed paid sick leave

Score: 66.67

Workers are guaranteed paid sick leave in the Republic of Congo. However, there is no evidence that it covers mental health problems.

Pursuant to Article 47 of the Labour Code (Law No. 45-75 of 15 March 1975), the employment contract is suspended during the worker's absence in the event of illness duly certified by an approved physician, limited to six months. ⁷³⁵ In accordance with Article 48, in case of sick leave, the employer is required to pay the worker, within the normal notice period, compensation equal to the amount of their remuneration during the absence. ⁷³⁶

4.4.3 Healthcare worker access to healthcare

4.4.3a Government prioritisation of care for healthcare workers during response

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the government of the Republic of Congo has issued legislation, policies, or public statements committing to provide prioritized healthcare services to healthcare workers who become sick as a result of responding to a public health emergency.

There is no evidence of such legislation, policy or statements on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government, or the Ministry of Higher Education. ⁷³⁷ ⁷³⁸ ⁷³⁹ ⁷⁴⁰ ⁷⁴¹ ⁷⁴²

The National Development Plan 2022-2026 (2022), the National Health Policy 2018-2030 (2018), and the National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (2024) does not include such provisions either. ⁷⁴³ ⁷⁴⁴ ⁷⁴⁵

4.5 Communications with healthcare workers during a public health emergency

4.5.1 Communication with healthcare workers

4.5.1a Existence of system for communication during a public health emergency

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a system in place for public health officials and healthcare workers to communicate during a public health emergency.

The National Development Plan 2022-2026 (2022), the National Health Policy 2018-2030 (2018), and the National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (2024) does not mention such system either. ⁷⁵² ⁷⁵³ ⁷⁵⁴

4.5.1b Inclusion of public and private sector in healthcare communication system

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a system in place for public health officials and private healthcare workers to communicate during a public health emergency.

4.6 Infection control practices

4.6.1 Healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) monitoring

4.6.1a Evidence of national public health system monitoring and tracking of HCAIs

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo monitors for and tracks the number of healthcare associated infections (HCAI) that take place in healthcare facilities.

The Universal Health and Preparedness Review of the Republic of Congo (UHPR) (2024) recommends the country to develop and implement a national strategic plan for IPC (p. 23). ⁷⁶⁴ There is no reference as to whether the country monitors for and tracks the number of HCAI that take place in healthcare facilities. ⁷⁶⁵

According to the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019), although the Republic of Congo has water and environmental codes, there are no IPC guidelines in healthcare settings (p. 16). ⁷⁶⁶ There is no reference to HCAI. ⁷⁶⁷

The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (2024) acknowledges that the country has insufficient activities to tackle HCAI in healthcare facilities (pp. 100-101). ⁷⁶⁸ Additionally, the country has not set up a committee to combat HCAI (p. 92). ⁷⁶⁹

4.6.1b Infection prevention and control programme

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has an infection prevention and control (IPC) programme in place nationally.

The Universal Health and Preparedness Review of the Republic of Congo (UHPR) (2024) recommends the country to develop and implement a national strategic plan for IPC (p. 23). ⁷⁷⁰ It further adds that the country has inadequate WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) services throughout, compromising the health and well-being of people and animals, exposing them to a high risk of communicable infectious diseases, which is primarily due to the lack of a national strategic plan for infection prevention and control, as well as insufficient resources allocated to this issue. (p. 22). ⁷⁷¹

The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (2024) also acknowledges the absence of an IPC programme in place in healthcare facilities (p. 100). ⁷⁷³

4.6.1c National plan to ensure a safe environment in health facilities

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a plan to ensure a safe environment in health facilities nationally.

The Republic of Congo enacted Decree No. 2019-227 of 13 August 2019, which approved the National Programme to Combat Healthcare-Associated Infections (HCAI). ⁷⁷⁴ It includes a goal to promote good hospital hygiene and infection control practices, issue best practice recommendations for optimal care of individuals with nosocomial infections, mobilize the resources needed to combat nosocomial infections, and others (Article 2). ⁷⁷⁵ However, there are no specific measures to ensure a safe environment in health facilities nationally. ⁷⁷⁶

According to the National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (2024), access to water in healthcare facilities is critical, which constitutes a risk for factor for the spread of microorganisms and hand-borne epidemics, including nosocomial infections (p. 91). ⁷⁷⁷

The Universal Health and Preparedness Review of the Republic of Congo (UHPR) (2024) states that there is inadequate WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) services throughout the country, compromising the health and well-being of people and animals, exposing them to a high risk of communicable infectious diseases. ⁷⁷⁸

4.7 Capacity to test and approve new medical countermeasures

4.7.1 Regulatory process for clinical trials of unregistered interventions

4.7.1a Requirement for ethical review before beginning a clinical trial

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo requires for ethical review before beginning a clinical trial in the country.

According to the World Bank and the African Union Development Agency, there are various structures in place for research such as clinical trials, but there is an absence of policy to promote research in the health and pharmaceutical sector in the Republic of Congo, in which various bottlenecks hinder research from being done. ⁷⁷⁹ ⁷⁸⁰

4.7.1b Expedited approval for clinical trials of unregistered MCMs during epidemics

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has an expedited process for approving clinical trials for unregistered medical countermeasures (MCM) or mutual recognition of clinical trials results taking place elsewhere to treat ongoing pandemics or epidemics.

4.7.2 Regulatory process for approving medical countermeasures

4.7.2a Existence of agency responsible for approving new human MCMs

Score: 100

The Republic of Congo has a government agency responsible for approving new medical countermeasures (MCM) for humans.

According to the World Bank and the African Union Development Agency, the Directorate of Pharmacy and Medicine is responsible for pharmaceutical dispensing and drug manufacturing in Congo. ⁷⁸⁵ ⁷⁸⁶ These drugs are evaluated based on standards regarding quality, efficacy, safety and cost, but the information regarding the processes involved and the technology used in registration is not available. ⁷⁸⁷ ⁷⁸⁸

4.7.2b Expedited approval for human MCMs during public health emergencies

Score: 0

There is no evidence of an expedited process for approving medical countermeasures (MCM) for human use or recognition of approval decisions taking place elsewhere during public health emergencies in the Republic of Congo.

According to the World Bank and the African Union Development Agency, the MCM are evaluated based on standards regarding quality, efficacy, safety and cost, but the information regarding the processes involved and the technology used in registration is not available. ⁷⁸⁹ ⁷⁹⁰ In addition, there is no information available on the processes used when importing and exporting MCM in the Republic of Congo. ⁷⁹¹ ⁷⁹²

Commitment to International Norms

5.1 IHR reporting compliance and disaster risk reduction

5.1.1 Official IHR reporting

5.1.1a Submission of IHR reports to the WHO in past year

Score: 100

Congo (Brazzaville) has submitted an IHR Self-Assessment Annual Report (SPAR) to the WHO for the last calendar year, with the latest submission in 2024.⁷⁹³

5.1.2 Integration of health into disaster risk reduction

5.1.2a Existence of specific risk reduction strategies for epidemics and pandemics

Score: 0

There is no evidence that epidemics and pandemics are integrated into Congolese national risk reduction strategy. There is no evidence of a standalone national disaster risk reduction strategy for epidemics and pandemics.

The National Strategy of Prevention and Risk Reduction of Emergencies (SNPRRC) 2016-2023 (2017) acknowledges the country is affected by several epidemics, such as Ebola, cholera, measles, polio, and yellow fever. ⁷⁹⁴ However, there is no reference to specific measures related to epidemics or pandemics. ⁷⁹⁵ In addition, SNPRRC is outdated. ⁷⁹⁶

The National Plan for Health Development 2023-2026 (PNDS) (2024) includes a program to strengthen health security, management of epidemics and other emergency situations in the health sector, which includes initiatives to increase preparedness for epidemics and prevent health emergencies (p. 115). ⁷⁹⁸ However, it does not constitte a national risk reduction strategy. ⁷⁹⁹

5.2 Cross-border agreements on public health and animal health emergency response

5.2.1 Cross-border agreements

5.2.1a Existence of public health emergency agreements with regional neighbors

Score: 0

There is limited evidence that the Republic of Congo is part of a regional group with provisions on public health emergencies.

The Republic of Congo has been a member of the African Union since 25 May 1963. ⁸⁰⁵ However, this does not necessarily mean that there are specific agreements in place in the event of a public health emergency. On 15 July 2022, the African Union published its Revised Statute of the African CDC and its Framework of Operation; pursuant to Article 3, Member States will receive support to the implementation of early warning and response surveillance platforms, as well as preparedness and response systems, declare Public Health Emergency of Continental Security (PHECS), promote partnerships and collaborations among Member States to address emerging and endemic diseases, pandemics, and public health emergencies, implement capacity-building measures in public health, including through medium- and long-term leadership, field epidemiological, public health emergency and laboratory training programs, and others. ⁸⁰⁶

No other agreements or MOUs were found.

5.2.1b Existence of animal health emergency agreements with regional neighbors

Score: 0

The Republic of Congo has cross-border strategies, as part of a regional group, with regards to animal health emergencies.

While the Republic of Congo has been a member of the African Union since 25 May 1963, this does not necessarily mean that there are specific agreements in place between countries in the event of a public health emergency. ⁸⁰⁷ In 2019, the African Union Inter-African Bureau for Animal Resources (AU-IBAR) enacted the Animal Health Strategy for Africa 2019-2035, which includes the goal of promoting the establishment of early warning, emergency response mechanisms and disaster fund for animal resources at national, regional and continental levels. ⁸⁰⁸ It includes goals to adapt emergency preparedness and response framework guidelines, train and simulate exercises at regional and national levels, establish regional response teams and mechanism, and establish a continental-level disaster fund. ⁸⁰⁹

5.3 International commitments

5.3.1 Participation in international agreements

5.3.1a Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention status

Score: 100

The Republic of Congo has signed and ratified the Biological Weapons Convention.

The country ratified the Biological Weapons Convention on 23 October 1978. ⁸¹⁰

5.3.1b Submission of CBMs to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention

Score: 100

The Republic of Congo has submitted confidence building measures for the Biological Weapons Convention in the past three years. ⁸¹¹

The Republic of Congo has submitted confidence building measures for the BWC on 30 Sepember 2025. ⁸¹²

5.3.1c Submission of UNSCR 1540 reports

Score: 100

The Republic of Congo has provided the required United Nations Security Council Resoultion (UNSCR) 1540 report to the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1540 (1540 Committee).

THe country submitted the required document on 17 September 2012. ⁸¹³

5.3.1d Extent of UNSCR 1540 implementation on public health emergencies

Score: 0

5.3.2 Voluntary memberships

5.3.2a Membership in global health security and/or biological weapons agreements

Score: 0

The Republic of Congo is not part of the Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction (GP), the Australia Group, or the Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI). ⁸¹⁴ ⁸¹⁵ ⁸¹⁶

5.4 JEE and PVS

5.4.1 Completion and publication of a JEE assessment and gap analysis

5.4.1a Completion and publication of JEE (or GHSA pilot external assessment) report

Score: 0

The Republic of Congo has not completed a Joint External Evaluation (JEE) and published a full public report in the last five years.

The latest JEE conducted by the Republic of Congo was in 2019, ad the full report is publicly available. ⁸¹⁷ ⁸¹⁸

5.4.2 Completion and publication of a PVS assessment and gap analysis

5.4.2a Completion and publication of PVS report (past five years)

Score: 0

The Republic of Congo has neither completed nor published a Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) assessment in the last five years.

The Republic of Congo has conducted the latest PVS evaluation in 2019. ⁸¹⁹ ⁸²⁰ In 2022, it conducted a National Bridging Workshop. ⁸²¹

5.4.2b Completion and publication of PVS gap analysis (past five years)

Score: 0

The Republic of Congo has neither completed nor published a Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) gap analysis in the last five years.

The Republic of Congo has conducted the latest PVS evaluation in 2019. ⁸²² ⁸²³ In 2022, it conducted a National Bridging Workshop. ⁸²⁴

5.5 Financing

5.5.1 National financing for epidemic preparedness

5.5.1a Evidence of allocated national funds to improve capacity to address epidemic threats

Score: 100

The Republic of Congo has allocated national funds to improve capacity to address pandemic or epidemic threats within the past three years.

According to the Budgetary Law of 2025 (Law No. 47-2024 of 30 December 2024), the Republic of Congo has the Pandemic Forecasting Management Fund, which is a national fund intended to finance preventive actions and response measures to various pandemics (Article 17). ⁸²⁵ In 2025, the country ear-marked CFA 1,700 million (USD 3 million) for pandemic readiness, as specified in Article 25. ⁸²⁶

5.5.2 Financing under JEE and PVS reports and gap analyses

5.5.2a National budget to address gaps identified in JEE, NAPHS or GHSA roadmap

Score: 0

The Joint External Evaluation (JEE) report of the Republic of Congo does not allocate or describe specific funding from the national budget to address the identified gaps.

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) Joint External Evaluation (JEE) of IHR Core Capacities of the Republic of Congo (2019) acknowledges that the country has national legal instruments and standards in certain areas of relevance to the implementation of the IHR (p. 10). ⁸²⁷ Furthermore, funding mechanisms exist in the relevant sectors for the establishment of certain capacities required by the IHR, but a review of the national legal framework for the implementation of the IHR has not been carried out. ⁸²⁸

It further adds that funding specifically allocated to public health emergency response remains poorly coordinated and difficult to mobilize in real time, in which it would be necessary to assess the national legal framework for the implementation of the IHR in order to make the necessary adjustments; and to strengthen the mobilization and real-time availability of public and external funding allocated to public health emergency management (pp. 10-11). ⁸²⁹ However, there are no allocation or description of specific funding from the national budget to address the identified gaps. ⁸³⁰

5.5.2b National budget to address gaps identified in PVS assessment or gap analysis

Score: 0

The Republic of Congo has neither completed nor published a Performance of Veterinary Services (PVS) assessment in the last five years. The latest PVS evaluation does not allocate or describe specific funding from the national budget to address the identified gaps.

The Republic of Congo has conducted the latest PVS evaluation in 2019. ⁸³¹ ⁸³² In 2022, it conducted a National Bridging Workshop. ⁸³³

The 2019 PVS evaluation acknowledges that "State budgets are not only grossly inadequate, but are often frozen in their execution, so much so that actual spending can be nonexistent. Only external interventions provide a few resources, which does not allow for the development of comprehensive strategies. There are neither means of prevention nor means of intervention, particularly for health policing (p. 5). ⁸³⁴

5.5.3 Financing for emergency response

5.5.3a Emergency public financing during a public health emergency

Score: 100

The Republic of Congo has publicly identified special emergency public financing mechanism and funds which the country can access in the face of a public health emergency.

The Republic of Congo has access to the International Development Association (IDA) funds from the World Bank. ⁸³⁵ In addition, it has the Pandemic Forecasting Management Fund, which is a national fund intended to finance preventive actions and response measures to various pandemics. ⁸³⁶

5.5.4 Accountability for international commitments to address epidemic threats

5.5.4a Commitments to improve domestic or foreign capacity for epidemic threats

Score: 100

There is evidence that senior leaders, in the past three years, have made a public committment to improve the country's domestic capacity to address epidemic threats by requesting support to improve capacity.

In August 2025, the Minister of Health and Population announced a training program in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) as a response to the country's cholera epidemic. ⁸³⁷ The program aimed at creating a national pool of 50 trainers from seven strategic departments to strengthen the country's capacity to respond to epidemics. ⁸³⁸.

5.5.4b Investments to improve domestic or foreign capacity for epidemic threats

Score: 100

There is evidence that the Republic of Congo has requested financing or technical support from donors to improve the country's domestic capacity to address epidemic threats in the past three years.

In June 2022, the World Bank approved a USD 29.67 million in a third additional financing from the International Development Association (IDA) to strenghten the health system to support pandemic preparedness and the COVID-19 response in the Republic of Congo. ⁸³⁹ The financing was focused on scaling up COVID-19 response efforts by ensuring efficient deployment of vaccines including upgrading storage and cold chain facilities, improving service delivery, including updating facility infrastructure to ensure that they can deliver immunization and treatment of COVID-19 patients, and addressing infection prevention and control (IPC) gaps. ⁸⁴⁰

5.5.4c Evidence that the country has fulfilled its full WHO contribution within the past two years

Score: 0

The Republic of Congo has not fulfilled its full contribution to the World Health Organization (WHO) within the past two years.

According to the latest available statement of the World Health Organization (January 2025), the country has not paid its assessed contributions for 2024 and 2025. ⁸⁴¹ In 2024 and 2025, the assessed contributions amounted to USD USD 57,420, in which the country paid USD 28,710 in each year. ⁸⁴² However, it had an outstanding value of USD 2,471 for 2024.

5.6 Commitment to sharing of genetic & biological data & specimens

5.6.1 Commitment to share data and specimens in emergency/non-emergency research

5.6.1a Sharing of genetic/biological data and materials beyond influenza

Score: 0

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has a publicly available plan or policy for sharing genetic data, clinical specimens, or isolated specimens (biological materials) along with the associated epidemiological data with international organizations or other countries that goes beyond influenza.

There is no evidence of such plan or policy on the websites of the Ministry of Health and Population, the Ministry of the Environment, Sustainable Development and the Congo Basin, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, the National Assembly of the Republic of Congo, the legal database of the General Secretariat of the Government. ⁸⁴³ ⁸⁴⁴ ⁸⁴⁵ ⁸⁴⁶ ⁸⁴⁷

5.6.1b Evidence of non-compliance with sample sharing element of PIP framework

Score: 100

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has not shared samples in accordance with the PIP framework in the past two years.

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo failed to share samples in accordance with the PIP framework on the Advisory Group Annual Report fo the Director -General (2024). ⁸⁴⁸ There is no evidence that the country failed to share samples on the official website of the World Health Organization (WHO). ⁸⁴⁹ There is no evidence on the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework: Annual Progress report, 1 January – 31 December 2024 (2025) either. ⁸⁵⁰

5.6.1c Evidence of non-sharing of pandemic pathogen samples during an outbreak

Score: 100

There is no evidence that the Republic of Congo has not shared pandemic pathogen samples during an outbreak in the past two years.

Risk Environment

6.1 Political and security risk

6.1.1 Government effectiveness

6.1.1a Policy formation

Score: 25

6.1.1b Quality of bureaucracy

Score: 25

6.1.1c Excessive bureaucracy/red tape

Score: 0

6.1.1d Vested interests/cronyism

Score: 0

6.1.1e Corruption

Score: 23

6.1.1f Accountability of public officials

Score: 0

6.1.1g Human rights risk

Score: 25

6.1.2 Orderly transfers of power

6.1.2a Orderly transfers of power

Score: 0

6.1.3 Risk of social unrest

6.1.3a Risk of social unrest

Score: 25

6.1.4 Illicit activities by non-state actors

6.1.4a Risk of terrorism

Score: 75

6.1.4b Level of illicit arms flows within the country

Score: 50

6.1.4c Risk of organized criminal activity

Score: 50

6.1.5 Armed conflict

6.1.5a Presence or risk of armed conflict

Score: 75

6.1.6 Government territorial control

6.1.6a Government territorial control

Score: 0

6.1.7 International tensions

6.1.7a International tensions

Score: 50

6.2 Socio-economic resilience

6.2.1 Literacy

6.2.1a Adult literacy rate (15+ years old, both sexes)

Score: 80.61

6.2.2 Gender equality

6.2.2a UNDP Gender Inequality Index score

Score: 25.51

6.2.3 Social inclusion

6.2.3a Poverty gap at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (%)

Score: 52.37

6.2.3b Share of employment in the informal sector

Score: 0

6.2.3c Coverage of social insurance programs (% of population)

Score: 0

6.2.4 Public confidence in government

6.2.4a Public confidence in government

Score: 0

6.2.5 Local media and reporting

6.2.5a Robust, open, diverse local media and reporting

Score: 0

6.2.6 Inequality

6.2.6a Gini coefficient

Score: 51.1

6.3 Infrastructure adequacy

6.3.1 Adequacy of road network

6.3.1a Adequacy of road network

Score: 25

6.3.2 Adequacy of airports

6.3.2a Adequacy of airports

Score: 75

6.3.3 Adequacy of power network

6.3.3a Adequacy of power network

Score: 25

6.4 Environmental risks

6.4.1 Urbanisation

6.4.1a Urban population (% of total population)

Score: 28.46

6.4.2 Land use

6.4.2a Change in forest area (percentage points)

Score: 71.66

6.4.3 Natural disaster risk

6.4.3a Natural disaster risk

Score: 50

6.5 Public health vulnerabilities

6.5.1 Access to quality healthcare

6.5.1a Total life expectancy (years)

Score: 51.3

6.5.1b NCD mortality rate

Score: 63.31

6.5.1c Population aged 65+

Score: 91.03

6.5.1d Tobacco use (% of adults)

Score: 42.66

6.5.1e Level of adult obesity (%)

Score: 82.17

6.5.1f Age-standardised prevalence of mental health disorders (per 100 000 people)

Score: 56.81

6.5.2 Access to potable water and sanitation

6.5.2a Access to potable water

Score: 0.25

6.5.2b Access to at least basic sanitation facilities

Score: 0.25

6.5.2c Percentage of health-care facilities with no access to any electricity supply

Score: 0

6.5.3 Public healthcare spending levels per capita

6.5.3a Domestic general government health expenditure per capita (PPP)

Score: 2.39

6.5.4 Trust in medical and health advice

6.5.4a Trust medical and health advice from the government

Score: 0

6.5.4b Trust medical and health advice from medical workers

Score: 0

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